German Sport University Cologne.
Waseda University.
J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2021 Sep 1;43(5):365-374. doi: 10.1123/jsep.2020-0166.
Decision making is an important prerequisite of soccer expertise. Beyond expertise, considering the effects of environmental constraints on decision-making processes could help specify existing theories. To address this gap, expert and nonexpert soccer players were enrolled to test how environmental constraints affect decision-making processes. Environmental constraints were experimentally manipulated: Opponent pressure was implemented by presenting a close opponent player in soccer scenes, time constraint was implemented by providing short time intervals for making the decision, and first-person perspective was implemented by using 360° videos. The experts outperformed the nonexperts, and the results showed significant main effects of time constraint and opponent pressure, but not perspective. The players' option and decision quality improved under the time constraint but were negatively affected by opponent pressure. The negative effects of opponent pressure were especially true under limited time and in third-person perspective. The results, alternative manipulations, and implications of environmental effects are discussed for decision-making research.
决策是足球专长的重要前提。除了专长之外，考虑环境约束对决策过程的影响可以帮助明确现有理论。为了解决这个差距，招募了专家和非专家足球运动员来测试环境约束如何影响决策过程。环境约束是通过实验操纵的：通过在足球场景中呈现一个接近的对手球员来施加对手压力，通过提供短的决策时间间隔来施加时间约束，通过使用 360°视频来施加第一人称视角。专家表现优于非专家，结果显示时间约束和对手压力有显著的主效应，但视角没有。在时间约束下，球员的选择和决策质量提高，但对手压力则产生负面影响。在有限的时间和第三人称视角下，对手压力的负面影响尤其明显。讨论了环境效应的结果、替代操纵和决策研究的影响。
