Blair M E, Potter L M
Department of Poultry Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
Poult Sci. 1987 Nov;66(11):1813-7. doi: 10.3382/ps.0661813.
Two 12-day experiments were conducted with Large White turkeys to determine which amino acids are deficient in a diet containing dehulled soybean meal as the sole source of protein. A 22% protein basal diet composed of 43.3% glucose monohydrate, 45.4% dehulled soybean meal, .5% DL-methionine, 6% stabilized fat, and added minerals and vitamins served as the negative control. Two positive control diets were formed by substituting either 16.5% dehulled soybean meal or a mixture containing amounts of essential amino acids equivalent to those in the added dehulled soybean meal in place of an equal amount of glucose monohydrate in the basal diet. Nine additional diets were formed by removing one or more amino acids from the mixture. Each of the 12 diets in a block design was fed to two pens of males and two pens of females with 8 birds per pen from 7 to 19 days of age in each experiment. Average body weight gain of poults fed the 22% protein diet with added amino acids approached that of poults fed the 30% protein diet (288 vs. 300 g, respectively). Removal of the amino acid mixture from the 22% protein diet depressed body weight gain by 19.0%. Depressions of 19, 16, 11, 7, and 6% in body weight gains resulted from the removal of valine, threonine, lysine, phenylalanine (or tyrosine or glycine), and isoleucine, respectively. A decrease of 5% was required for significance (P less than or equal to .05). When evaluated by this deletion technique, effects of valine and threonine deficiency were more pronounced than effects of lysine deficiency in dehulled soybean meal for young turkeys.
用大白火鸡进行了两项为期12天的实验，以确定在以去皮豆粕作为唯一蛋白质来源的日粮中，哪些氨基酸是缺乏的。一种由43.3%一水葡萄糖、45.4%去皮豆粕、0.5% DL-蛋氨酸、6%稳定脂肪以及添加矿物质和维生素组成的22%蛋白质基础日粮用作阴性对照。通过用16.5%去皮豆粕或含有与添加的去皮豆粕中必需氨基酸量相当的混合物替代基础日粮中等量的一水葡萄糖，形成了两种阳性对照日粮。通过从混合物中去除一种或多种氨基酸，又形成了另外九种日粮。在每个实验中，采用区组设计的12种日粮中的每一种都饲喂给两栏雄性和两栏雌性火鸡，每栏8只，从7日龄到19日龄。饲喂添加氨基酸的22%蛋白质日粮的雏火鸡平均体重增加接近饲喂30%蛋白质日粮的雏火鸡（分别为288克和300克）。从22%蛋白质日粮中去除氨基酸混合物使体重增加降低了19.0%。去除缬氨酸、苏氨酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸（或酪氨酸或甘氨酸）和异亮氨酸分别导致体重增加降低了19%、16%、11%、7%和6%。差异具有显著性需要降低5%（P≤0.05）。当通过这种缺失技术进行评估时，对于小火鸡来说，缬氨酸和苏氨酸缺乏的影响比去皮豆粕中赖氨酸缺乏的影响更明显。
