School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2347:249-256. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1574-4_22.
Nature is rich in all kinds of unbelievably designed microstructures, which endows the natural materials with various fantastic performances. Unveiling the mystery of the sophisticated configurations and the relationship between those microstructures and the corresponding functions is helpful for the manufacture of artificial functional materials. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an advanced tool to gain the microstructural features of materials within a spatial scale much larger than the atomic scale (1000 nm), which can be carried out along with WAXS to conduct more systematic investigation over different kinds of materials. With the help of SAXS/WAXS, one may generate an insightful understanding of the mechanisms of structure-property evolution (which is efficient guidance for the artificial material designs). This chapter will introduce the mathematics and the methodologies used by SAXS when investigating the microstructure of natural materials.
自然界中蕴藏着各种令人难以置信的设计精妙的微观结构，这赋予了天然材料各种奇妙的性能。揭示这些复杂结构的奥秘以及它们与相应功能之间的关系，有助于制造人工功能材料。小角 X 射线散射（SAXS）是一种先进的工具，可以在比原子尺度（1000nm）大得多的空间尺度上获得材料的微观结构特征，它可以与广角 X 射线散射（WAXS）一起进行，对不同类型的材料进行更系统的研究。借助 SAXS/WAXS，人们可以深入了解结构-性能演变的机制（这为人工材料设计提供了有效的指导）。本章将介绍 SAXS 在研究天然材料微观结构时所使用的数学和方法。
