Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Rd., Tifton, GA, 31793-5766, USA.
Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, 111 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Plant Genome. 2021 Nov;14(3):e20141. doi: 10.1002/tpg2.20141. Epub 2021 Sep 5.
The cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) has experienced severe genetic bottlenecks over the course of its evolution and domestication. Most genetic diversity studies in peanut have focused on global genetic stocks, wild accessions, and related species, but few have focused on elite cultivars. The objective of this project was to assess the genetic diversity of 32 peanut cultivars developed by the University of Georgia breeding program since its inception in 1931. Quantifying genetic similarity (GSIM) among these cultivars will provide a better understanding of their relationships and aid in breeding for cultivar development. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), in concert with the recently published A. hypogaea genome sequence, was used to identify a total of 27,142 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among these cultivars. Coefficients of parentage (CoP) were calculated based on publicly available pedigree information and compared with SNP-based GSIM estimates; the resulting correlations were low, ranging from R = 0.212-0.279. Although genetic diversity is generally low in cultivated peanut, our data indicate that the genetic diversity of Georgia cultivars has actually increased since the early days of the breeding program, likely a result of the incorporation of diverse germplasm and breeding lines into the program. The results reported here provide a valuable understanding of genetic variation among elite Georgia peanut cultivars that have had a significant impact on the peanut industry within the United States.
栽培花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）在其进化和驯化过程中经历了严重的遗传瓶颈。大多数花生的遗传多样性研究集中在全球遗传资源、野生材料和相关物种上，但很少关注优良品种。本项目的目的是评估自 1931 年佐治亚大学育成计划成立以来育成的 32 个花生品种的遗传多样性。这些品种间遗传相似性（GSIM）的量化将更好地了解它们之间的关系，并有助于优良品种的选育。结合最近公布的花生基因组序列，利用测序分型（GBS）共鉴定了这 32 个品种中的 27142 个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。基于公开的系谱信息计算了亲缘系数（CoP），并与 SNP 基础上的 GSIM 估计值进行了比较；结果相关性较低，范围从 R = 0.212-0.279。虽然栽培花生的遗传多样性通常较低，但我们的数据表明，自育成计划早期以来，佐治亚品种的遗传多样性实际上有所增加，这可能是由于多样化的种质和育成系被纳入了该计划。这里报告的结果提供了对在美国花生产业中具有重要影响的优良佐治亚花生品种遗传变异的有价值的了解。
