Mojahed Shahnaz, Reyhanizadeh Fariba, Tabatabaei Razieh Sadat, Dehghani Ali
MSC in Midwifery, Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Master Student of Counseling in Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
J Educ Health Promot. 2021 Jul 30;10:267. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_785_20. eCollection 2021.
Amniocentesis is one of the methods for diagnosing prenatal abnormalities. Pregnant women with high-risk fetal screening results are the candidates for amniocentesis. Most of these women are afraid of this procedure because they predict that the test will be painful and worried about its adverse effects on pregnancy, fetal injury, or the risk of maternal death. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of education on the perceived stress of mothers who are the candidates for amniocentesis.
The present study was a quasi-experimental, two-group clinical trial with a parallel design. This study was in three stages: pretest (before intervention), posttest (after intervention), and after amniocentesis. This study was performed on 80 pregnant women who were the candidates for amniocentesis (15-20 weeks of pregnancy) with high-risk fetal screening results referred to the perinatology clinic in Yazd in 2020. The intervention package included training and using breathing techniques, broadcasting educational animations on how to perform amniocentesis, expressing experiences by people who had experienced amniocentesis, and finally visiting the amniocentesis site and getting to know the relevant perinatologist. Data collection tools were demographic and midwifery profile questionnaires and Cohen perceived stress. SPSS software version 16 was used for statistical analysis of data.
The results showed that the research units had high stress at the beginning of the study. The perceived stress score at the beginning of the study in the intervention group was 30.1750 ± 6.53153 and in the control group was 28.2750 ± 8.57841. After the intervention, the participants' stress level decreased below the cutting point. In the experimental group, the mean stresses after the intervention and after amniocentesis were significantly lower than before the intervention; however, after amniocentesis, it was somewhat higher than the postintervention stage. In the preintervention stage, the mean stress score between the two groups was not statistically significant. The difference after the intervention between the two groups was significant ( < 001.0); however, in the postamniocentesis stage, the difference in stress was not significant. After the intervention and after amniocentesis, the perceived stress of pregnant mothers in the experimental group was less than the control group.
Considering that the perceived stress in amniocentesis candidate mothers was high in the present study, so that after performing the method, mothers left the center with high stress, it is very important to pay attention to its psychological aspects. Therefore, it is suggested that educational interventions before and during amniocentesis be considered for them along with psychological support and follow-up care after amniocentesis.
羊膜穿刺术是诊断产前异常的方法之一。胎儿筛查结果为高危的孕妇是羊膜穿刺术的候选对象。这些女性大多害怕这一操作，因为她们预计检查会很痛苦，并担心其对妊娠、胎儿损伤或孕产妇死亡风险的不良影响。因此，本研究的目的是确定教育对羊膜穿刺术候选母亲感知压力的影响。
本研究是一项采用平行设计的准实验性两组临床试验。本研究分三个阶段进行：预测试（干预前）、后测试（干预后）和羊膜穿刺术后。本研究对80名2020年转诊至亚兹德围产医学诊所、胎儿筛查结果为高危（妊娠15 - 20周）的羊膜穿刺术候选孕妇进行。干预方案包括培训和使用呼吸技巧、播放关于如何进行羊膜穿刺术的教育动画、有羊膜穿刺术经历的人分享经验，最后参观羊膜穿刺术地点并认识相关围产医学专家。数据收集工具为人口统计学和助产士资料问卷以及科恩感知压力量表。使用SPSS 16版软件对数据进行统计分析。
结果显示，研究对象在研究开始时压力较大。干预组研究开始时的感知压力评分为30.1750 ± 6.53153，对照组为28.2750 ± 8.57841。干预后，参与者的压力水平降至临界值以下。在实验组中，干预后和羊膜穿刺术后的平均压力显著低于干预前；然而，羊膜穿刺术后，压力略高于干预后阶段。在干预前阶段，两组之间的平均压力评分无统计学意义。两组干预后的差异显著（<0.001）；然而，在羊膜穿刺术后阶段，压力差异不显著。干预后和羊膜穿刺术后，实验组孕妇母亲的感知压力低于对照组。
鉴于本研究中羊膜穿刺术候选母亲的感知压力较高，以至于在进行该操作后，母亲们带着高压力离开中心，关注其心理方面非常重要。因此，建议为她们在羊膜穿刺术之前和期间进行教育干预，并在羊膜穿刺术后提供心理支持和后续护理。
