Sinclair Ka'imi, Gonzales Kelly, Woosley Claire, Cree Tish Rivera, Garza Celina M, Buchwald Dedra
College of Nursing, Initiative for Research and Education to Advance Community Health (IREACH), Washington State University, 1100 Olive Way, Suite 1200, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Portland State University-Oregon Health Sciences University Joint School of Public Health, 506 SW Mill St, Portland, OR 97201.
Int J Mens Soc Community Health. 2020;3(2):e66-e89. doi: 10.22374/ijmsch.v3i2.35. Epub 2020 Sep 8.
This study used a parallel convergent mixed methods design with TribalCrit theory and intersectionality as analytical frameworks to identify how American Indian men's identities intersect with broader structures and systems to shape their eating and physical activity choices and behaviors, and to elicit recommendations for a men's lifestyle intervention. AI men were recruited in Minneapolis, Minnesota and Portland, Oregon between March and December 2017 and in Phoenix, Arizona in December 2019 to participate in a survey and focus groups. The survey included demographic questions and questions about physical and cultural activities men engage in, perceived social support for lifestyle behaviors, masculine characteristics, and values important to American Indian men. The 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to assess psychological distress. Focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed for a phenomenological analysis. Descriptive statistics and correlations were computed for survey data. We conducted 15 focus groups with 151 adult American Indian men in three urban sites. The mean age of participants ranged from 36-51 across the sites; 7%-32% were college graduates; 13%-22% were currently married and 28%-41% were working full time. The most important values reported by participants were being: strong mentally and emotionally, a good parent, responsible, spiritual, and a good spouse or partner. On the K6 psychological distress scale, 63%-70% scored ≥5 but <13 (moderate mental distress), and 8%-15% scored ≥13 indicating severe mental distress. Younger age was significantly correlated with higher mean K6 score (p < .0001). Colonizers and missionaries that settled in the U.S. imposed cultural and gender hegemony which enforced a patriarchal capitalist system that have had long-lasting and deleterious effects on American Indians, particularly American Indian men.
本研究采用了一种平行收敛混合方法设计，以部落批判理论和交叉性为分析框架，来确定美国印第安男性的身份认同如何与更广泛的结构和系统相互交织，从而塑造他们的饮食和身体活动选择及行为，并得出针对男性生活方式干预的建议。2017年3月至12月期间，在美国明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯市和俄勒冈州波特兰市以及2019年12月在亚利桑那州凤凰城招募了美国印第安男性，让他们参与一项调查和焦点小组。该调查包括人口统计学问题以及关于男性参与的身体和文化活动、对生活方式行为的感知社会支持、男性特征以及对美国印第安男性重要的价值观等问题。使用6项凯斯勒心理困扰量表来评估心理困扰。焦点小组进行了录音并转录以进行现象学分析。对调查数据进行了描述性统计和相关性计算。我们在三个城市地点与151名成年美国印第安男性进行了15个焦点小组讨论。各地点参与者的平均年龄在36至51岁之间；7%至32%为大学毕业生；13%至22%目前已婚，28%至41%全职工作。参与者报告的最重要价值观包括：在精神和情感上坚强、做一个好父母、有责任感、有精神追求以及做一个好配偶或伴侣。在K6心理困扰量表上，63%至70%的得分≥5但<13（中度心理困扰），8%至15%的得分≥13表明存在严重心理困扰。年龄较小与较高的平均K6得分显著相关（p < .0001）。在美国定居的殖民者和传教士强加了文化和性别霸权，实施了一种父权资本主义制度，这对美国印第安人，尤其是美国印第安男性产生了长期且有害的影响。
