Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
Concern Worldwide Somalia, Mogadishu, Somalia.
Glob Health Action. 2021 Jan 1;14(1):1969117. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2021.1969117.
Forced evictions are common in conflict-affected settings. More than 500 internally displaced persons (IDPs) are evicted daily in Mogadishu. Context specific research is necessary to inform responsive humanitarian interventions and to monitor the effectiveness of these interventions on IDPs health.
This study explored the causes of forced evictions and their health impacts among IDPs in southern Somalia.
We used a qualitative approach, conducting 20 semi-structured interviews, six key informant interviews and four focus group discussions. We used maximum variation sampling to include a wide range of participants and used the framework approach and Nvivo software to analyse the data.
In this context, landlords often rented land without proper tenure agreements, resulting in risk of forced evictions. Informal tenure agreements led to fluctuations in rent, and IDPs were evicted because tenancy laws were inadequate and failed to protect IDP rights. IDP settlements often increased the value of land by clearing scrub, and landlords often sought to profit from this by evicting IDPs at short notice if a buyer was found for the land. The effect of eviction on an already marginalised population was wide ranging, increasing their exposure to violence, loss of assets, sexual assault, disruption of livelihoods, loss of social networks and family separation. Evicted IDPs reported health issues such as diarrhoea, malaria, pneumonia, measles and skin infections, as well as stress, anxiety, psychological distress and trauma.
Forced evictions remain one of the biggest challenges for IDPs as they exacerbate existing vulnerabilities. Prioritizing implementation of legal protection for IDP tenure rights is necessary to prevent unlawful evictions of IDPs. Humanitarian agencies should aim to respond more effectively to protect evictees and provide support to prevent poor health outcomes. Further quantitative research is needed to further examine the relationship between forced evictions and health outcomes.
在受冲突影响的环境中，强制搬迁很常见。在摩加迪沙，每天有超过 500 名境内流离失所者（IDP）被驱逐。有必要进行具体背景下的研究，为有针对性的人道主义干预措施提供信息，并监测这些干预措施对 IDP 健康的效果。
本研究探讨了索马里南部境内流离失所者被迫搬迁的原因及其对健康的影响。
我们采用定性方法，进行了 20 次半结构式访谈、6 次关键知情人访谈和 4 次焦点小组讨论。我们采用最大变异抽样法纳入了广泛的参与者，并使用框架方法和 Nvivo 软件分析数据。
在这种情况下，房东经常在没有适当租赁协议的情况下出租土地，从而导致被迫搬迁的风险。非正式的租赁协议导致租金波动，而且由于租赁法不足，未能保护 IDP 的权利，IDP 也被驱逐。IDP 住区经常通过清除灌木丛来提高土地的价值，而房东如果发现有买家购买土地，往往会利用这一点，在没有事先通知的情况下驱逐 IDP。驱逐对已经处于边缘地位的人口造成了广泛的影响，增加了他们遭受暴力、失去资产、性侵犯、生计中断、失去社会网络和家庭分离的风险。被驱逐的 IDP 报告了腹泻、疟疾、肺炎、麻疹和皮肤感染以及压力、焦虑、心理困扰和创伤等健康问题。
强制搬迁仍然是 IDP 面临的最大挑战之一，因为它们加剧了现有的脆弱性。必须优先实施 IDP 租赁权的法律保护，以防止对 IDP 的非法驱逐。人道主义机构应努力更有效地作出反应，保护被驱逐者，并提供支持，以防止出现不良健康后果。需要进一步进行定量研究，以进一步研究被迫搬迁与健康结果之间的关系。
