Engel Eduardo, Lau Douglas, Godoy Wesley A C, Pasini Mauricio P B, Malaquias José B, Santos Carlos D R, Pivato Juliana, Pereira Paulo R V da S
Department of Entomology and Acarology, Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Entomology, University of São Paulo, ESALQ, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Trigo), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Bull Entomol Res. 2022 Apr;112(2):143-150. doi: 10.1017/S0007485321000729. Epub 2021 Sep 6.
In different parts of the world, aphid populations and their natural enemies are influenced by landscapes and climate. In the Neotropical region, few long-term studies have been conducted, maintaining a gap for comprehension of the effect of meteorological variables on aphid population patterns and their parasitoids in field conditions. This study describes the general patterns of oscillation in cereal winged aphids and their parasitoids, selecting meteorological variables and evaluating their effects on these insects. Aphids exhibit two annual peaks, one in summer-fall transition and the other in winter-spring transition. For parasitoids, the highest annual peak takes place during winter and a second peak occurs in winter-spring transition. Temperature was the principal meteorological regulator of population fluctuation in winged aphids and parasitoids during the year. The favorable temperature range is not the same for aphids and parasitoids. For aphids, temperature increase resulted in population growth, with maximum positive effect at 25°C. Temperature also positively influenced parasitoid populations, but the growth was asymptotic around 20°C. Although rainfall showed no regulatory function on aphid seasonality, it influenced the final number of insects over the year. The response of aphids and parasitoids to temperature has implications for trophic compatibility and regulation of their populations. Such functions should be taken into account in predictive models.
在世界不同地区，蚜虫种群及其天敌受景观和气候的影响。在新热带地区，很少有长期研究，这使得在理解气象变量对田间条件下蚜虫种群模式及其寄生蜂的影响方面存在差距。本研究描述了谷物有翅蚜虫及其寄生蜂的总体振荡模式，选择了气象变量并评估它们对这些昆虫的影响。蚜虫呈现两个年度高峰，一个在夏秋过渡时期，另一个在冬春过渡时期。对于寄生蜂来说，年度最高峰出现在冬季，第二个高峰出现在冬春过渡时期。温度是一年中有翅蚜虫和寄生蜂种群波动的主要气象调节因素。蚜虫和寄生蜂的适宜温度范围不同。对于蚜虫来说，温度升高导致种群增长，在25°C时产生最大正效应。温度对寄生蜂种群也有正向影响，但在20°C左右增长趋于平稳。虽然降雨对蚜虫季节性没有调节作用，但它影响了一年中昆虫的最终数量。蚜虫和寄生蜂对温度的反应对营养兼容性及其种群调节有影响。在预测模型中应考虑这些作用。
