Lau Douglas, Sampaio Marcus Vinicius, Salvadori José Roberto, da Silva Pereira Paulo Roberto Valle, Dos Santos Carlos Diego Ribeiro, Engel Eduardo, Panizzi Antônio Ricardo, Marsaro Júnior Alberto Luiz
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Trigo), Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Agricultural Sciences Institute, Federal Univ of Uberlândia (UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Neotrop Entomol. 2023 Apr;52(2):172-188. doi: 10.1007/s13744-022-01013-1. Epub 2022 Dec 12.
Aphids are worldwide pests, and in South America, they harm many crops including winter cereals. In the 1970s, the rapid expansion of the wheat crop area in the subtropical region of South America led to growth of aphid populations. The wide availability of food, associated with the low effectiveness of natural biological control, put the aphid populations out of balance, requiring intensive use of insecticides. At the end of the decade, biological control programs of aphids were initiated in Argentina, Brazil, and Chile, including the importation of natural enemies (mainly parasitoids), followed by their laboratory rearing and field release. With decreased use of highly hazardous pesticides, biological control by introduced and already-present parasitoid species was enhanced. The program was very successful and aphid populations have been kept at low levels. This review article explores the history of this program and its current status. In modern day agriculture, with intense multiple cropping systems, adoption of several conservation practices, and increased cultivation of wheat in tropical regions, we discuss ways to keep this program effective to maintain aphid populations on cereal crops at low acceptable levels through employing biological control agents.
蚜虫是世界性害虫，在南美洲，它们危害包括冬季谷物在内的许多作物。20世纪70年代，南美洲亚热带地区小麦种植面积的迅速扩大导致了蚜虫种群的增长。食物的广泛可得性，加上自然生物防治效果不佳，使蚜虫种群失去平衡，需要大量使用杀虫剂。在这十年末，阿根廷、巴西和智利启动了蚜虫生物防治项目，包括引进天敌（主要是寄生蜂），随后在实验室饲养并释放到田间。随着高危险性农药使用量的减少，引进的和已有的寄生蜂物种的生物防治作用得到增强。该项目非常成功，蚜虫种群数量一直保持在较低水平。这篇综述文章探讨了该项目的历史及其现状。在现代集约化多熟种植系统、采用多种保护措施以及热带地区小麦种植增加的农业背景下，我们讨论了通过使用生物防治剂来保持该项目有效性，从而将谷物作物上的蚜虫种群数量维持在可接受的低水平的方法。
