van Duijn Tina, Button Chris, Masters Rich S W
School of Physical Education, Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Te Huataki Waiora School of Health, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Front Physiol. 2021 Aug 20;12:719788. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.719788. eCollection 2021.
In an immersion incident, a person may be required to tread water for extended periods of time in order to survive. Treading water, or maintaining a stable head position above the water surface, can be achieved in several different ways. Determining which treading water techniques are economic (energetically and cognitively) is an important first step in approaching evidence-based water safety instruction. The present study investigated the cognitive and metabolic demands associated with four main techniques for treading water in experienced water treaders. Skilled water treaders (=21) performed four common treading techniques for 3min each: "running" in the water, "flutter kick" with hands sculling, "upright breaststroke," and "egg-beater." Self-reported rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and task load index (TLX) score, as well as objective measures of probe reaction time (PRT; i.e., response to auditory cues while treading), oxygen consumption and heart rate were assessed. The "egg-beater" technique and the "upright breaststroke" technique were linked to significantly lower cognitive and energetic demands compared to the other techniques (VO: <0.001 - "Running" =29.02, =7.40/"Flutter kick" =29.37, =8.56, "Breaststroke" =23.47, =7.28, and "Eggbeater" =23.18, =6.31). This study lays the groundwork for future research that may establish the ideal movement behavior in drowning situations and investigate movement instruction to less experienced treaders.
在溺水事件中，为了求生，一个人可能需要长时间踩水。踩水，即保持头部稳定在水面以上，可以通过几种不同的方式实现。确定哪些踩水技术是经济的（从能量和认知角度）是开展基于证据的水上安全指导的重要第一步。本研究调查了有经验的踩水者采用的四种主要踩水技术所涉及的认知和代谢需求。21名熟练的踩水者分别对四种常见的踩水技术各进行3分钟：水中“跑步”、双手划水的“打水”、“直立蛙泳”和“打蛋器式踩水”。评估了自我报告的主观用力程度（RPE）和任务负荷指数（TLX）得分，以及探测反应时间（PRT，即踩水时对听觉提示的反应）、耗氧量和心率等客观指标。与其他技术相比，“打蛋器式踩水”技术和“直立蛙泳”技术的认知和能量需求显著更低（VO：<0.001 - “跑步”=29.02，=7.40/“打水”=29.37，=8.56，“蛙泳”=23.47，=7.28，“打蛋器式踩水”=23.18，=6.31）。本研究为未来的研究奠定了基础，这些研究可能会确定溺水情况下的理想运动行为，并研究针对经验较少的踩水者的运动指导。
