Zhang Liming, Sun Jing, Zhang Dongfeng
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, The School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No.308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao, 266021, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Feb;29(6):8639-8649. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16294-z. Epub 2021 Sep 7.
Associations and dose-response relationships between different kinds of urine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites and lung functions in general American adults were unknown. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database of the 2009-2012 cycles were used. The independent variables were urine PAHs adjusted for urine creatinine, including 1-hydroxynaphthalene (1-NAP), 2-hydroxynaphthalene (2-NAP), 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-FLU), 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLU), 3-hydroxyphenanthrene (3-PHE), 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-PHE), 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-PHE), 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR), and 9-hydroxyfluorene (9-FLU). The dependent variables were lung function indices including the forced vital capacity (FVC), the 1st second of a forceful exhalation (FEV), the ratio of FEV/FVC, the forced expiratory flow rate 25-75% (FEF), and the fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO). Multivariate linear regression analyses and the restricted cubic splines were used. Except for 1-PHE and 9-FLU, FEF decreased in quartile (Q) 4 of all the remaining seven PAHs; FEV decreased in Q4 of 2-NAP, 3-PHE, 2-PHE, and 9-FLU, with β (SE) of -121.89 (45.46), -105.21 (33.57), -143.67 (40.60), and -127.71 (37.14), respectively. FVC decreased only in Q3 of 9-FLU, with β (SE) of -142.24 (56.54); FEV/FVC decreased in Q4 of all PAHs except for 2-FLU. Besides, FENO decreased in Q4 of all PAHs in smokers, while in non-smokers, the results were opposite. The dose-response relationships were non-linear. In conclusion, we found that urine PAHs may relate to the changes in lung functions. Besides, smoking status had a significant influence on FENO; FENO decreased in smokers while increased in non-smokers, suggesting that PAHs exposure may relate to airway inflammation.
美国普通成年人中不同种类的尿液多环芳烃（PAHs）代谢物与肺功能之间的关联及剂量反应关系尚不清楚。我们使用了2009 - 2012年周期的美国国家健康与营养检查调查数据库中的数据。自变量为经尿肌酐校正后的尿液PAHs，包括1 - 羟基萘（1 - NAP）、2 - 羟基萘（2 - NAP）、3 - 羟基芴（3 - FLU）、2 - 羟基芴（2 - FLU）、3 - 羟基菲（3 - PHE）、1 - 羟基菲（1 - PHE）、2 - 羟基菲（2 - PHE）、1 - 羟基芘（1 - PYR）和9 - 羟基芴（9 - FLU）。因变量为肺功能指标，包括用力肺活量（FVC）、用力呼气第1秒（FEV）、FEV/FVC比值、25% - 75%用力呼气流量（FEF）和呼出一氧化氮分数（FENO）。采用多元线性回归分析和受限立方样条分析。除1 - PHE和9 - FLU外，其余七种PAHs的四分位数（Q）4中FEF均下降；2 - NAP、3 - PHE、2 - PHE和9 - FLU的Q4中FEV下降，β（标准误）分别为 - 121.89（45.46）、 - 105.21（33.57）、 - 143.67（40.60）和 - 127.71（37.14）。仅9 - FLU的Q3中FVC下降，β（标准误）为 - 142.24（56.54）；除了2 - FLU外，所有PAHs的Q4中FEV/FVC均下降。此外，吸烟者中所有PAHs的Q4中FENO均下降，而在非吸烟者中结果相反。剂量反应关系呈非线性。总之，我们发现尿液PAHs可能与肺功能变化有关。此外，吸烟状况对FENO有显著影响；吸烟者中FENO下降，非吸烟者中FENO上升，表明PAHs暴露可能与气道炎症有关。
