Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Oct;28(40):55915-55924. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-16230-1. Epub 2021 Sep 7.
Recently, there is growing evidence that ambient temperature and seasonal changes are related to the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Thereby, this study was conducted to evaluate the association between seasonal changes and ambient temperature and GDM. We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Collaboration for human studies available until the end of 2020. We used the following keywords to identify relevant articles: "Diabetes, Gestational" (MeSH), "Glucose Tolerance Test" (MeSH), "Glucose intolerance" (MeSH), "Pregnancy outcome" (MeSH), "Birth outcome", "Seasons" (MeSH), "Weather" (MeSH), "Ambient Temperature," "Climate Change" (MeSH). Meta-analyses by using STATA software were conducted for analyzing data. Due to the high heterogeneity between included studies, a random-effects model was used. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were used to define a source of heterogeneity. We found 13 studies related to the association between ambient temperature and season changes and GDM, which 11 of them were included in meta-analyses. Despite inconsistencies in outcome assessment across studies, we found a significant positive association between seasons of GDM screening and risk of GDM (pooled OR=1.12; 95% CI (1.03, 1.21)). The funnel plot and Egger's test showed that there was no significant publication bias among these studies (p=0.51). In general, season changes showed a significant positive relationship with prevalence of GDM. However, due to the unknown exact mechanism on this association, further studies should be conducted.
最近，越来越多的证据表明环境温度和季节变化与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）的发病率有关。因此，本研究旨在评估季节变化和环境温度与 GDM 之间的关系。我们在 PubMed、ISI Web of Science、Scopus、Google Scholar 和 Cochrane 协作数据库中进行了系统性检索，检索时间截至 2020 年底。我们使用以下关键词来确定相关文章：“糖尿病，妊娠”（MeSH）、“葡萄糖耐量试验”（MeSH）、“葡萄糖耐量异常”（MeSH）、“妊娠结局”（MeSH）、“分娩结局”、“季节”（MeSH）、“天气”（MeSH）、“环境温度”、“气候变化”（MeSH）。使用 STATA 软件进行了荟萃分析以分析数据。由于纳入研究之间存在高度异质性，因此使用了随机效应模型。亚组分析、meta 回归和敏感性分析用于确定异质性的来源。我们发现了 13 项与环境温度和季节变化与 GDM 之间关系相关的研究，其中 11 项研究被纳入荟萃分析。尽管研究之间的结果评估存在不一致，但我们发现 GDM 筛查季节与 GDM 风险之间存在显著正相关（合并 OR=1.12；95%CI（1.03，1.21））。漏斗图和 Egger 检验显示，这些研究中没有显著的发表偏倚（p=0.51）。总的来说，季节变化与 GDM 的患病率呈显著正相关。然而，由于对此关联的确切机制尚不清楚，因此应进行进一步的研究。
