Ma Sheng, Wang Yuping, Ji Xiaoxia, Dong Sunjuan, Wang Shengnan, Zhang Shuo, Deng Feiying, Chen Jingxian, Lin Benwei, Khan Barkat Ali, Liu Weiting, Hou Kaijian
Anhui Province Maternity & Child Health Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.
School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2024 May 28;14:1364545. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1364545. eCollection 2024.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a form of gestational diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance and abnormal function of pancreatic beta cells. In recent years, genomic association studies have revealed risk and susceptibility genes associated with genetic susceptibility to GDM. However, genetic predisposition cannot explain the rising global incidence of GDM, which may be related to the increased influence of environmental factors, especially the gut microbiome. Studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely related to the occurrence and development of GDM. This paper reviews the relationship between gut microbiota and the pathological mechanism of GDM, in order to better understand the role of gut microbiota in GDM, and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical application of gut microbiota in the treatment of related diseases.
The current research results on the interaction between GDM and gut microbiota were collected and analyzed through literature review. Keywords such as "GDM", "gut microbiota" and "insulin resistance" were used for literature search, and the methodology, findings and potential impact on the pathophysiology of GDM were systematically evaluated.
It was found that the composition and diversity of gut microbiota were significantly associated with the occurrence and development of GDM. Specifically, the abundance of certain gut bacteria is associated with an increased risk of GDM, while other changes in the microbiome may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity. In addition, alterations in the gut microbiota may affect blood glucose control through a variety of mechanisms, including the production of short-chain fatty acids, activation of inflammatory pathways, and metabolism of the B vitamin group.
The results of this paper highlight the importance of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of GDM. The regulation of the gut microbiota may provide new directions for the treatment of GDM, including improving insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control through the use of probiotics and prebiotics. However, more research is needed to confirm the generality and exact mechanisms of these findings and to explore potential clinical applications of the gut microbiota in the management of gestational diabetes. In addition, future studies should consider the interaction between environmental and genetic factors and how together they affect the risk of GDM.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是一种以胰岛素抵抗和胰腺β细胞功能异常为特征的妊娠期糖尿病。近年来，基因组关联研究已经揭示了与GDM遗传易感性相关的风险和易感基因。然而，遗传易感性并不能解释全球GDM发病率的上升，这可能与环境因素的影响增加有关，尤其是肠道微生物群。研究表明，肠道微生物群与GDM的发生发展密切相关。本文综述了肠道微生物群与GDM病理机制之间的关系，以便更好地理解肠道微生物群在GDM中的作用，并为肠道微生物群在相关疾病治疗中的临床应用提供理论依据。
通过文献综述收集并分析了目前关于GDM与肠道微生物群相互作用的研究结果。使用“GDM”、“肠道微生物群”和“胰岛素抵抗”等关键词进行文献检索，并系统评估了方法、结果以及对GDM病理生理学的潜在影响。
发现肠道微生物群的组成和多样性与GDM的发生发展显著相关。具体而言，某些肠道细菌的丰度与GDM风险增加有关，而微生物群的其他变化可能与胰岛素敏感性改善有关。此外，肠道微生物群的改变可能通过多种机制影响血糖控制，包括短链脂肪酸的产生、炎症途径的激活以及B族维生素的代谢。
本文结果突出了肠道微生物群在GDM发病机制中的重要性。肠道微生物群的调节可能为GDM的治疗提供新方向，包括通过使用益生菌和益生元改善胰岛素敏感性和血糖控制。然而，需要更多研究来证实这些发现的普遍性和确切机制，并探索肠道微生物群在妊娠期糖尿病管理中的潜在临床应用。此外，未来研究应考虑环境和遗传因素之间的相互作用以及它们如何共同影响GDM风险。
