College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangzhou 510642, China.
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
J Hazard Mater. 2021 Aug 15;416:125918. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125918. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
Polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) are known to impair the function of the digestive system, intestinal flora, immune system, and nervous system of marine organisms. We tested whether PS-NPs influence viral infection of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). We found that grouper spleen (GS) cells took up PS-NPs at exposure concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 μg/mL and experienced cytotoxicity at 50 and 500 μg/mL concentrations. At 12 h after exposure to 50 μg/mL of PS-NPs, the replication of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) increased in GS cells after their invasion. Juvenile fish exposed to 300 and 3000 μg/L of PS-NPs for 7 d showed PS-NPs uptake to the spleen and vacuole formation in brain tissue. Moreover, PS-NPs exposure accelerated SGIV replication in the spleen and RGNNV replication in the brain. PS-NP exposure also decreased the expression of toll-like receptor genes and interferon-related genes before and after virus invasion in vitro and in vivo, thus reducing the resistance of cells and tissues to viral replication. This is the first report that PS-NPs have toxic effects on GS cells and spleen and brain tissues, and it provides new insights into assessing the impact of PS-NPs on marine fish.
聚苯乙烯纳米塑料 (PS-NPs) 已被证实会损害海洋生物的消化系统、肠道菌群、免疫系统和神经系统的功能。我们测试了 PS-NPs 是否会影响橙点石斑鱼 (Epinephelus coioides) 的病毒感染。我们发现，石斑鱼脾脏 (GS) 细胞在暴露于 5、50 和 500μg/mL 的浓度下会摄取 PS-NPs，并在 50 和 500μg/mL 的浓度下表现出细胞毒性。在暴露于 50μg/mL PS-NPs 12 小时后，SGIV 和 RGNNV 在入侵 GS 细胞后，其复制增加。幼鱼在暴露于 300 和 3000μg/L PS-NPs 7 天后，PS-NPs 被摄取到脾脏中，脑组织中出现空泡形成。此外，PS-NPs 暴露还加速了 SGIV 在脾脏中的复制和 RGNNV 在大脑中的复制。PS-NP 暴露还降低了体外和体内病毒入侵前后 Toll 样受体基因和干扰素相关基因的表达，从而降低了细胞和组织对病毒复制的抵抗力。这是第一个报道 PS-NPs 对 GS 细胞和脾脏以及脑组织有毒性作用的报告，为评估 PS-NPs 对海洋鱼类的影响提供了新的见解。
