Ke Ruian, Martinez Pamela P, Smith Rebecca L, Gibson Laura L, Achenbach Chad J, McFall Sally, Qi Chao, Jacob Joshua, Dembele Etienne, Bundy Camille, Simons Lacy M, Ozer Egon A, Hultquist Judd F, Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon, Opdycke Anita K, Hawkins Claudia, Murphy Robert L, Mirza Agha, Conte Madison, Gallagher Nicholas, Luo Chun Huai, Jarrett Junko, Conte Abigail, Zhou Ruifeng, Farjo Mireille, Rendon Gloria, Fields Christopher J, Wang Leyi, Fredrickson Richard, Baughman Melinda E, Chiu Karen K, Choi Hannah, Scardina Kevin R, Owens Alyssa N, Broach John, Barton Bruce, Lazar Peter, Robinson Matthew L, Mostafa Heba H, Manabe Yukari C, Pekosz Andrew, McManus David D, Brooke Christopher B
medRxiv. 2021 Sep 2:2021.08.30.21262701. doi: 10.1101/2021.08.30.21262701.
The global effort to vaccinate people against SARS-CoV-2 in the midst of an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about the nature of vaccine breakthrough infections and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus. These questions have become even more urgent as new variants of concern with enhanced transmissibility, such as Delta, continue to emerge. To shed light on how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals, we examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in a small cohort of adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination. The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases. These data indicate that vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.
在持续的疫情大流行期间，全球为人们接种抗SARS-CoV-2疫苗的努力引发了关于疫苗突破性感染的性质以及接种疫苗个体传播病毒可能性的问题。随着具有更强传播性的新关注变种（如德尔塔）不断出现，这些问题变得更加紧迫。为了阐明疫苗突破性感染与未接种疫苗个体感染情况的差异，我们通过对一小群在不同疫苗接种阶段感染SARS-CoV-2的成年人进行每日纵向采样，研究了病毒动力学和传染性病毒脱落情况。与未接种疫苗的个体相比，接种疫苗个体的传染性病毒脱落持续时间和症状持续时间均显著缩短。我们还观察到，突破性感染与强烈的组织分隔有关，并且仅在某些情况下可在唾液中检测到。这些数据表明，接种疫苗可缩短高传播潜力的持续时间，将症状持续时间降至最低，并可能限制病毒在组织中的传播。
