新冠病毒疫苗突破性感染的纵向分析显示感染性病毒脱落有限且组织分布受限。
Longitudinal Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reveals Limited Infectious Virus Shedding and Restricted Tissue Distribution.
作者信息
Ke Ruian, Martinez Pamela P, Smith Rebecca L, Gibson Laura L, Achenbach Chad J, McFall Sally, Qi Chao, Jacob Joshua, Dembele Etienne, Bundy Camille, Simons Lacy M, Ozer Egon A, Hultquist Judd F, Lorenzo-Redondo Ramon, Opdycke Anita K, Hawkins Claudia, Murphy Robert L, Mirza Agha, Conte Madison, Gallagher Nicholas, Luo Chun Huai, Jarrett Junko, Conte Abigail, Zhou Ruifeng, Farjo Mireille, Rendon Gloria, Fields Christopher J, Wang Leyi, Fredrickson Richard, Baughman Melinda E, Chiu Karen K, Choi Hannah, Scardina Kevin R, Owens Alyssa N, Broach John, Barton Bruce, Lazar Peter, Robinson Matthew L, Mostafa Heba H, Manabe Yukari C, Pekosz Andrew, McManus David D, Brooke Christopher B
机构信息
T-6, Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA.
Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
出版信息
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022 Apr 13;9(7):ofac192. doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofac192. eCollection 2022 Jul.
BACKGROUND
The global effort to vaccinate people against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during an ongoing pandemic has raised questions about how vaccine breakthrough infections compare with infections in immunologically naive individuals and the potential for vaccinated individuals to transmit the virus.
METHODS
We examined viral dynamics and infectious virus shedding through daily longitudinal sampling in 23 adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 at varying stages of vaccination, including 6 fully vaccinated individuals.
RESULTS
The durations of both infectious virus shedding and symptoms were significantly reduced in vaccinated individuals compared with unvaccinated individuals. We also observed that breakthrough infections are associated with strong tissue compartmentalization and are only detectable in saliva in some cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Vaccination shortens the duration of time of high transmission potential, minimizes symptom duration, and may restrict tissue dissemination.
背景
在持续的大流行期间，全球为人们接种严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗的努力引发了一些问题，即疫苗突破性感染与未免疫个体的感染相比情况如何，以及接种疫苗的个体传播病毒的可能性。
方法
我们通过对23名处于不同疫苗接种阶段感染SARS-CoV-2的成年人进行每日纵向采样，研究病毒动力学和传染性病毒脱落情况，其中包括6名完全接种疫苗的个体。
结果
与未接种疫苗的个体相比，接种疫苗的个体传染性病毒脱落时间和症状持续时间均显著缩短。我们还观察到，突破性感染与强烈的组织分隔有关，并且在某些情况下仅在唾液中可检测到。
结论
接种疫苗可缩短高传播潜力的持续时间，将症状持续时间降至最低，并可能限制病毒在组织中的传播。
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