Sun Ming-de, Wu Yang, Liang Zhen-Xu, Tian Hai-Qing, Zhao Yan-Yan, DU Rui-Rui, Liu Jun, Liu Song-Zhong
Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in North China, Beijing 100093, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Jun;31(6):1875-1881. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202006.029.
We investigated the characteristics of nitrogen uptake, distribution, and utilization in the three-year-old bearing Huangguan pear trees following N-urea application in early spring. The results showed that the growth of pear trees was mainly depended on vegetative organs such as shoots and leaves at the stage from budbreak to shoot growth arrest, but mainly on storage organs (roots) and supplemented by the formation of fruit yield and quality at the stage from shoot growth arrest stage to fruit harvest. Meanwhile, tree biomass, especially that storage organs, substantially increased. All organs, especially newly developed shoots and leaves, acquired more N in shoot growth arrest stage due to vigorous growth, with relatively higher N derived from fertilizer (Ndff). Ndff of each organ except for root was lower at fruit maturity stage than that at shoot growth stage. Most of the labeled nitrogen was distributed in the newly developed organs (shoots and leaves) from budbreak to shoot growth arrest stage, but in the storage organs during shoot growth arrest stage to fruit maturity stage. Labeled fertilizer nitrogen was mainly distributed in the storage organs, followed by the vegetative organs. Reproductive organs had the lowest allocation in the experimental stage. For the three-years-old pear trees, the ratio of absorbed N from fertilizer was responsible for 31.1% and 21.0% of total absorbed nitrogen from budbreak to shoot growth arrest stage and from shoot growth arrest stage to fruit maturity stage, respectively, with the remaining N (68.9% and 79.0% of total) being absorbed from soil N.
我们研究了早春施用尿素后三年生盛果期黄冠梨树的氮素吸收、分配和利用特性。结果表明，梨树在萌芽至新梢停长阶段的生长主要依赖于新梢和叶片等营养器官，但在新梢停长至果实采收阶段主要依赖于贮藏器官（根系），同时果实产量和品质形成得到补充。同时，树体生物量，尤其是贮藏器官的生物量大幅增加。在新梢停长阶段，所有器官，尤其是新梢和叶片，由于生长旺盛吸收了更多的氮，肥料氮的贡献率（Ndff）相对较高。除根系外，各器官在果实成熟阶段的Ndff均低于新梢生长阶段。从萌芽至新梢停长阶段，大部分标记氮分布在新梢和叶片等新发育的器官中，而在新梢停长至果实成熟阶段则分布在贮藏器官中。标记肥料氮主要分布在贮藏器官中，其次是营养器官。在试验阶段，生殖器官的分配率最低。对于三年生梨树，从萌芽至新梢停长阶段和从新梢停长至果实成熟阶段，肥料吸收氮分别占总吸收氮的31.1%和21.0%，其余氮（分别占总量的68.9%和79.0%）来自土壤氮。
