Zhao Ji-Yu, Ren Bai-Zhao, Zhao Bin, Liu Peng, Zhang Ji-Wang
College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2020 Aug;31(8):2613-2620. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202008.030.
Water content of summer maize hybrids grown in China is too high at harvesting stage, which limits the development of grain mechanical harvesting technology. Spraying the desiccant can regulate physiological process of crop grain filling and reduce water content at harvest. We explored the effects of spraying the desiccant on the dehydration process, grain moisture, and grain quality of summer maize hybrids differing in maturity. Spraying the desiccants reduced dry matter accumulation in different organs of maize, with strongest reduction of middle-late maturity hybrids. Dry matter transfer to the grains of the plants and the harvest index was improved, but with no changes of grain quality. The dehydration rate of grains was positively correlated with the rate of dehydration in diffe-rent organs. The dehydration rate of grains after spraying the desiccants was significantly positively correlated with the rate of dehydration of stems and sheaths. With no negative effects on yield, spraying the desiccant increased the total dehydration rate, shortened the time from flowering to physiological maturity, and increased the time from physiological maturity to harvest, which was beneficial to the further reduction of grain moisture in the later stage. The possibility of grain mechanical harvesting was increased. The economic benefits of spraying the desiccants on mechanical grain harvest of summer maize hybrids differing in maturity were not significantly different from those of ear mechanical harvesting. The economic benefits of middle-late maturity hybrids were higher than those of early maturity hybrids. Spraying desiccant may improve the possibility of grain mechanical harvesting.
我国种植的夏玉米杂交种在收获期含水量过高，这限制了谷物机械收获技术的发展。喷施干燥剂可调控作物籽粒灌浆的生理过程，降低收获时的含水量。我们探究了喷施干燥剂对不同熟期夏玉米杂交种脱水过程、籽粒含水量及籽粒品质的影响。喷施干燥剂降低了玉米不同器官的干物质积累，中晚熟杂交种的降低幅度最大。提高了植株向籽粒的干物质转运及收获指数，但籽粒品质无变化。籽粒脱水速率与不同器官的脱水速率呈正相关。喷施干燥剂后籽粒脱水速率与茎鞘脱水速率显著正相关。喷施干燥剂对产量无负面影响，提高了总脱水速率，缩短了开花至生理成熟的时间，增加了生理成熟至收获的时间，有利于后期籽粒含水量的进一步降低。增加了籽粒机械收获的可能性。对不同熟期夏玉米杂交种进行籽粒机械收获时喷施干燥剂的经济效益与穗部机械收获的经济效益无显著差异。中晚熟杂交种的经济效益高于早熟杂交种。喷施干燥剂可能会提高籽粒机械收获的可能性。
