School of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, 250358, People's Republic of China.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
Exp Brain Res. 2021 Nov;239(11):3381-3395. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06210-9. Epub 2021 Sep 8.
It is known that movements of visual attention are influenced by features in a scene, such as colors, that are associated with value or with loss. The present study examined the detailed nature of these attentional effects by employing the gap paradigm-a technique that has been used to separately reveal changes in attentional capture and shifting, and changes in attentional disengagement. In four experiments, participants either looked toward or away from stimuli with colors that had been associated either with gains or with losses. We found that participants were faster to look to colors associated with gains and slower to look away from them, revealing effects of gains on both attentional capture and attentional disengagement. On the other hand, participants were both slower to look to features associated with loss, and faster to look away from such features. The pattern of results suggested, however, that the latter finding was not due to more rapid disengagement from loss-associated colors, but instead to more rapid shifting of attention away from such colors. Taken together, the results reveal a complex pattern of effects of gains and losses on the disengagement, capture, and shifting of visual attention, revealing a remarkable flexibility of the attention system.
众所周知，视觉注意力的运动受到与价值或损失相关的场景特征的影响，例如颜色。本研究通过使用间隙范式（一种已被用于分别揭示注意力捕获和转移变化以及注意力脱离变化的技术）来检查这些注意力效应的详细性质。在四项实验中，参与者要么看向与收益相关的颜色刺激，要么看向与损失相关的颜色刺激。我们发现，参与者看向与收益相关的颜色更快，而从这些颜色移开的速度较慢，这表明收益对注意力捕获和注意力脱离都有影响。另一方面，参与者既更慢地看向与损失相关的特征，也更快地从这些特征上移开视线。然而，结果模式表明，后一种发现不是由于从与损失相关的颜色更快地脱离，而是由于更迅速地将注意力从这些颜色上转移开。总之，这些结果揭示了收益和损失对视觉注意力脱离、捕获和转移的复杂影响模式，展现了注意力系统的显著灵活性。
