Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología de la UEx. Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), University of Extremadura, Badajoz 06071, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER BBN, Badajoz, Spain.
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2022;22(4):433-439. doi: 10.2174/1871530321666210908124848.
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the principal causes of the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, probiotics consumption has also been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention to control cholesterol concentrations.
To evaluate in vitro assimilation of cholesterol by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (BPL1) under simulated intestinal environment in anaerobic conditions and to review and discuss potential physiological mechanisms in this context.
Bacterial viability and cholesterol assimilation were evaluated in both standard MRS and Stimulated Intestinal Fluid (SIF) medium under anaerobic conditions and in the presence or absence of cholesterol. For assimilation assays, cholesterol concentrations in the different suspensions, containing the probiotic or not, were determined by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry.
The results showed that the growth of B. lactis BPL1 under intestinal conditions is favored when cholesterol is present in the culture medium. In addition, cholesterol assimilation of up to 44.4% under intestinal and anaerobic conditions was observed.
Taking into account the revised literature and the experimental results presented herein, the administration of functional foodstuffs together with probiotic bacteria, such as B. lactis BPL1, could be a potentially effective option to decrease hypercholesterolemia, thus preventing the development of cardiovascular diseases. Nevertheless, further studies on mechanisms of effectiveness in animals and clinical trials are still needed.
高胆固醇血症是心血管疾病发展的主要原因之一。最近，益生菌的摄入也被提议作为一种非药物干预手段来控制胆固醇浓度。
在厌氧条件下模拟肠道环境评估双歧杆菌亚种。乳杆菌（BPL1）对胆固醇的体外同化作用，并在此背景下回顾和讨论潜在的生理机制。
在标准 MRS 和模拟肠道液（SIF）培养基中，在厌氧条件下和有或没有胆固醇的情况下，评估细菌活力和胆固醇同化作用。对于同化作用测定，通过与质谱联用的色谱法测定含有或不含有益生菌的不同悬浮液中的胆固醇浓度。
结果表明，当培养基中存在胆固醇时，双歧杆菌 BPL1 在肠道条件下的生长更有利。此外，在肠道和厌氧条件下观察到高达 44.4%的胆固醇同化。
考虑到修订后的文献和本文提出的实验结果，与益生菌（如 B. lactis BPL1）一起摄入功能性食品可能是降低高胆固醇血症的有效选择，从而预防心血管疾病的发生。然而，仍需要在动物和临床试验中进一步研究其有效性的机制。
