Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
SWEAH, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2021 Sep 8;18(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12966-021-01192-x.
Decline in physical function varies substantially across older individuals due to several extrinsic modifiable factors such as dietary patterns, physical activity and social support. We aimed to determine the association of these factors and their interaction with mobility and muscle strength decline.
We analyzed data from 1686 functionally healthy individuals aged 60 + from the population-based Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). The Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) was calculated based on a validated food frequency questionnaire. Self-reported physical activity was categorized based on current recommendations, and social support was measured according to participants' perceived material and psychological support from relatives and friends. Participants' physical function was assessed over 12 years through changes in walking speed (m/s) and chair stand time (s). Linear mixed models adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical factors were used. In order to explore the combined effect of the different exposures, two indicator variables were created by cross-classifying individuals' levels of Mediterranean diet adherence and social support or physical activity.
Participants with a high adherence to Mediterranean diet were primarily < 78 years (82.3%), women (56.1%), married (61.1%), with university education (52.8%), high levels of social support (39.3%) and health-enhancing levels of physical activity (51.5%). A one-point increase in MDS (score range 0-9) was associated with less annual deterioration in walking speed (βtime[year] = 0.001; p = 0.024) and chair-stand time (βtime[year] = -0.014; p = 0.008). The potential protective effect of Mediterranean diet was highest among participants reporting high social support (βtime[year] = -0.065, p = 0.026 for chair stands) and high physical activity (βtime[year] = 0.010, p = 0.001 for walking speed), beyond the effect of each exposure individually.
A higher adherence to Mediterranean diet, especially in combination with recommended levels of physical activity and high social support, may contribute to delay the decline in physical function observed with aging.
由于多种外在可调节因素，如饮食模式、身体活动和社会支持，老年人的身体功能下降情况存在很大差异。我们旨在确定这些因素及其与移动能力和肌肉力量下降的相互作用的关联。
我们分析了来自人口基础上的瑞典 Kungsholmen 老龄化和护理研究（SNAC-K）中 1686 名功能健康的 60 岁及以上个体的数据。根据经过验证的食物频率问卷计算了地中海饮食评分（MDS）。根据当前建议对自我报告的身体活动进行分类，并根据参与者从亲戚和朋友那里获得的物质和心理支持来衡量社会支持。通过行走速度（m/s）和坐站时间（s）的变化来评估参与者 12 年的身体功能。使用调整了社会人口统计学和临床因素的线性混合模型进行分析。为了探索不同暴露的综合影响，通过交叉分类个体的地中海饮食依从水平和社会支持或身体活动来创建两个指示变量。
主要是<78 岁（82.3%）、女性（56.1%）、已婚（61.1%）、受过大学教育（52.8%）、社会支持度高（39.3%）和进行健康促进型身体活动（51.5%）的个体具有较高的地中海饮食依从性。MDS 增加 1 分（评分范围 0-9）与行走速度的年恶化程度降低相关（β时间[年] = 0.001；p = 0.024）和坐站时间（β时间[年] = -0.014；p = 0.008）。在报告高社会支持（β时间[年] = -0.065，p = 0.026 用于坐站）和高身体活动（β时间[年] = 0.010，p = 0.001 用于行走速度）的参与者中，地中海饮食的潜在保护作用最高，超过了每个暴露因素单独作用的效果。
更高的地中海饮食依从性，特别是与推荐水平的身体活动和高社会支持相结合，可能有助于延缓随着年龄增长而观察到的身体功能下降。
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