Huseynov Ravil M, Javadov Samir S, Osmanov Ali, Khasiyev Shahin, Valiyeva Samira R, Almammadova Esmira, Denning David W
The Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Mardanov Qardashlari 98, Baku, Azerbaijan.
The Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2021 Sep 3;8:20499361211043969. doi: 10.1177/20499361211043969. eCollection 2021 Jan-Dec.
Azerbaijan is an upper middle-income country in South Caucasus with an area of 86,600 km and a total population of 10 million people and gross domestic product of US $4480 per capita. The aim of this research is to estimate fungal infection burden and highlight the problem at national and international levels.
Fungal infection burden was estimated using data from epidemiological papers and population at risk and LIFE (Leading International Fungal Education) modelling.
The number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in 2018 was 6193, 29% of them not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Based on 90% and 20% rates of oral and oesophageal candidiasis in patients with CD4 cell count <200 µl we estimate 808 and 579 patients with oral and oesophageal candidiasis, respectively. The annual incidences of cryptococcal meningitis and Pneumocystis pneumonia are 5 and 55 cases, respectively. We estimated 2307 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), 4927 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and 6504 with severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS). Using data on chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), lung cancer, acute myeloid leukaemia rates, and number of transplantations, we estimated 693 cases of invasive aspergillosis following these conditions. Using a low-European rate for invasive candidiasis, we estimated 499 and 75 patients with candidemia and intra-abdominal candidiasis respectively. The number of adult women (15-55 years) in Azerbaijan is ~2,658,000, so it was estimated that 159,490 women suffer from recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (rVVC).
In total, the estimated number of people suffering from fungal diseases in Azerbaijan is 225,974 (2.3% of the population). However, the fungal rate is underestimated due to lack of epidemiological data. The most imminent need is improvement in diagnostic capabilities. This aim should be achieved establishing a reference laboratory and equipping major clinical centers with essential diagnostics assays.
阿塞拜疆是南高加索地区的一个中高收入国家，面积86,600平方千米，总人口1000万，人均国内生产总值4480美元。本研究旨在估计真菌感染负担，并在国家和国际层面凸显这一问题。
利用流行病学论文数据、高危人群数据以及LIFE（国际真菌教育领先组织）模型来估计真菌感染负担。
2018年感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（PLHIV）的人数为6193人，其中29%未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗。根据CD4细胞计数<200µl的患者中口腔念珠菌病和食管念珠菌病的发病率分别为90%和20%，我们估计口腔念珠菌病和食管念珠菌病患者分别有808例和579例。隐球菌性脑膜炎和肺孢子菌肺炎的年发病率分别为5例和55例。我们估计有2307例慢性肺曲霉病（CPA）、4927例变应性支气管肺曲霉病（ABPA）以及6504例真菌致敏重度哮喘（SAFS）。利用慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）、肺癌、急性髓系白血病发病率以及移植数量的数据，我们估计在这些情况下有693例侵袭性曲霉病。采用欧洲较低的侵袭性念珠菌病发病率，我们分别估计念珠菌血症和腹腔念珠菌病患者有499例和75例。阿塞拜疆成年女性（15 - 55岁）人数约为265.8万，因此估计有159,490名女性患有复发性外阴阴道念珠菌病（rVVC）。
总体而言，阿塞拜疆估计有225,974人患有真菌疾病（占人口的2.3%）。然而，由于缺乏流行病学数据，真菌发病率被低估。最迫切需要的是提高诊断能力。这一目标应通过建立参考实验室并为主要临床中心配备基本诊断检测方法来实现。
