Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Anat Histol Embryol. 2021 Nov;50(6):918-930. doi: 10.1111/ahe.12734. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
A morphological description of the sugar glider's (Petaurus breviceps) tongue was obtained from five individual sugar gliders and analysed under a scanning electron microscope and a light microscope using four methods of staining. The tongue has a noticeably elongated structure with three regions: apex, corpus and radix. Transition to the corpus is indicated by the sulcus medianus linguae and the frenulum on its ventral surface. The dorsal tongue displayed a raised mucous membrane manifesting as a type of papillae. Filiform papillae were differentiated into two subtypes: brush-like papillae, with a short base splitting into 5-6 processes; and flower bud filiform papillae that are shorter and wider than the former, and divided into a single main process and 4-5 secondary processes. Fungiform papillae with 1-2 taste buds are interspersed between filiform papillae and absent on the radix. Conical papillae cover the lateral margin of the corpus and increase in size when closer to the radix. Vallate papillae-three in number-are arranged as a triangular structure, with the middle papillae pointing towards the root of the tongue. A continuous groove wrapped around each papilla with several taste buds is found on its lateral surface. Two of the vallate papillae are located symmetrically on each side and are much smaller than the most caudal middle vallate that is directed posteriorly. A positive reaction using separate staining with periodic acid-Schiff and Alcian blue (pH 2.5) showed Weber's glands and von Ebner's glands appearing beneath the papillae, mainly on the muscle layer of the radix. Different reactions to the stains indicated that Weber's gland contains sialomucin and/or sulfomucin, whereas von Ebner's gland consists of serous cells secreting glycogen and/or neutral mucin. The collagen structure was identified using Masson's trichrome stain in the two bottom layers of the tongue from the apex, decreasing gradually towards the radix.
通过对五只糖袋鼯的舌头进行扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜观察，并采用四种染色方法，对其形态学进行了描述。糖袋鼯的舌头具有明显的长形结构，分为三个区域：舌尖、舌体和舌根。舌体与舌尖的过渡由舌正中沟和其腹面的系带指示。舌背表面有一个凸起的黏膜，表现为一种乳头。丝状乳头分为两种亚型：刷状乳头，基部短，分裂成 5-6 个突起；和花蕾状丝状乳头，比前者短而宽，分为一个主突起和 4-5 个次突起。菌状乳头之间散布着 1-2 个味蕾，舌根上没有。圆锥形乳头覆盖在舌体的侧缘，靠近舌根时逐渐增大。味蕾状乳头有 3 个，呈三角形排列，中间的乳头指向舌根。在其侧面发现，每个乳头周围都有一条连续的沟槽，上面有几个味蕾。两个侧味蕾位于每侧对称，比朝向后方的最尾端中间味蕾小得多。过碘酸雪夫和阿尔辛蓝（pH2.5）的单独染色呈阳性反应，表明 Weber 腺和 von Ebner 腺位于乳头下方，主要位于舌根的肌层。不同的染色反应表明，Weber 腺含有唾液黏蛋白和/或硫酸黏蛋白，而 von Ebner 腺由分泌糖原和/或中性黏蛋白的浆液细胞组成。使用 Masson 三色染色法在舌尖到舌根的舌的两个底层识别出胶原结构，其数量逐渐减少。
