Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA.
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 3;18(17):9332. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179332.
Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are able to balance their blood glucose levels while engaging in a wide variety of physical activities and sports. However, insulin use forces them to contend with many daily training and performance challenges involved with fine-tuning medication dosing, physical activity levels, and dietary patterns to optimize their participation and performance. The aim of this study was to ascertain which variables related to the diabetes management of physically active individuals with T1D have the greatest impact on overall blood glucose levels (reported as A1C) in a real-world setting. A total of 220 individuals with T1D completed an online survey to self-report information about their glycemic management, physical activity patterns, carbohydrate and dietary intake, use of diabetes technologies, and other variables that impact diabetes management and health. In analyzing many variables affecting glycemic management, the primary significant finding was that A1C values in lower, recommended ranges (<7%) were significantly predicted by a very-low carbohydrate intake dietary pattern, whereas the use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices had the greatest predictive ability when A1C was above recommended (≥7%). Various aspects of physical activity participation (including type, weekly time, frequency, and intensity) were not significantly associated with A1C for participants in this survey. In conclusion, when individuals with T1D are already physically active, dietary changes and more frequent monitoring of glucose may be most capable of further enhancing glycemic management.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）患者在进行各种体育活动和运动时能够平衡血糖水平。然而，使用胰岛素会迫使他们应对许多日常训练和表现挑战，包括精细调整药物剂量、体育活动水平和饮食模式，以优化他们的参与和表现。本研究的目的是确定与 T1D 活跃个体的糖尿病管理相关的哪些变量对现实环境中的整体血糖水平（以 A1C 报告）有最大影响。共有 220 名 T1D 患者完成了一项在线调查，以自我报告有关他们的血糖管理、体育活动模式、碳水化合物和饮食摄入、糖尿病技术使用以及影响糖尿病管理和健康的其他变量的信息。在分析影响血糖管理的许多变量时，主要的显著发现是，非常低的碳水化合物饮食模式可显著预测 A1C 值处于较低、推荐范围（<7%），而当 A1C 高于推荐值（≥7%）时，连续血糖监测（CGM）设备的使用具有最大的预测能力。本调查参与者的各种体育活动参与方面（包括类型、每周时间、频率和强度）与 A1C 无显著相关性。总之，当 T1D 患者已经活跃时，饮食变化和更频繁地监测血糖可能最有能力进一步加强血糖管理。
