Sleep Education and Research Laboratory (SERL), Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London-Institute of Education, 25 Woburn Square, London WC1H 0AA, UK.
The National Institute for Stress, Anxiety, Depression and Behavioural Change (NISAD), 252 21 Helsingborg, Sweden.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 4;18(17):9344. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179344.
Mental health problems are prevalent among university students in Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students' mental health and sleep in Saudi Arabia.
A total of 582 undergraduate students from Saudi Arabia aged between 18 and 45 years old (M = 20.91, SD = 3.17) completed a cross-sectional online questionnaire measuring depression, anxiety, stress, resilience, and insomnia during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). Analysis included an independent samples -test, one-way ANOVA, and Hierarchical regression analysis.
Undergraduate students reported high levels of depression, anxiety, and perceived stress and low levels of resilience ( < 0.001) during the pandemic. In addition, students reported experiencing insomnia. A hierarchical regression analysis indicated that lower resilience, high levels of insomnia, having a pre-existing mental health condition, and learning difficulties (such as dyslexia, dyspraxia, or dyscalculia) were significantly associated with high levels of depression and stress. In addition, lower resilience, a high level of insomnia, and pre-existing mental health conditions were significantly associated with high levels of anxiety. Finally, a lower level of psychological resilience and a high level of insomnia were significantly associated with increased levels of depression, anxiety and stress within university students.
This study has provided evidence that a lower level of psychological resilience and insomnia were associated with mental health problems among undergraduate students in Saudi Arabia, thus enhancing psychological resilience and interventions to support sleep and mental health are vital to support student well-being outcomes throughout the pandemic.
在沙特阿拉伯，大学生群体中普遍存在心理健康问题。本研究旨在调查 COVID-19 大流行对沙特阿拉伯大学生心理健康和睡眠的影响。
共有 582 名年龄在 18 至 45 岁之间的沙特阿拉伯本科生（M = 20.91，SD = 3.17）参与了一项横断面在线问卷调查，调查内容包括 COVID-19 大流行期间（2020 年）的抑郁、焦虑、压力、韧性和失眠。分析包括独立样本 t 检验、单因素方差分析和层次回归分析。
大学生在疫情期间报告了较高水平的抑郁、焦虑和感知压力，以及较低的韧性（<0.001）。此外，学生报告出现了失眠症状。层次回归分析表明，较低的韧性、较高的失眠程度、存在先前的心理健康状况以及学习困难（如诵读困难、动作协调困难或计算困难）与较高的抑郁和压力水平显著相关。此外，较低的韧性、较高的失眠程度以及先前的心理健康状况与较高的焦虑水平显著相关。最后，较低的心理韧性水平和较高的失眠程度与沙特阿拉伯大学生抑郁、焦虑和压力水平的增加显著相关。
本研究提供了证据表明，较低的心理韧性和失眠与沙特阿拉伯大学生的心理健康问题相关，因此增强心理韧性和干预措施以支持睡眠和心理健康对于支持学生在疫情期间的幸福感至关重要。
