Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 4;18(17):9354. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18179354.
Despite extensive study, the role of air pollution in gestational diabetes remains unclear, and there is limited evidence of the beneficial impact of residential greenness on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy. We used data from mothers in the Spanish INfancia y Medio Ambiente (INMA) Project from 2003-2008. We obtained spatiotemporally resolved estimates of fine particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposures in early pregnancy and estimated residential greenness using satellite-based Normal Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within 100, 300 and 500 m buffers surrounding the mother's residence. We applied logistic regression models to evaluate associations between each of the three exposures of interest and (a) glucose intolerance and (b) abnormal lipid levels. We found limited evidence of associations between increases in PM and NO exposures and the metabolic outcomes. Though not statistically significant, high PM exposure (≥25 µg/m) was associated with increased odds of glucose intolerance (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.63) and high cholesterol (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.90, 1.44). High NO exposure (≥39.8 µg/m) was inversely associated with odds of high triglycerides (OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.45, 1.08). Whereas NDVI was not associated with glucose intolerance, odds of high triglycerides were increased, although the results were highly imprecise. Results were unchanged when the air pollutant variables were included in the regression models. Given the equivocal findings in our study, additional investigations are needed to assess effects of air pollution and residential greenness on metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy.
尽管进行了广泛的研究，但空气污染在妊娠糖尿病中的作用仍不清楚，并且关于居住绿化对妊娠期间代谢功能障碍的有益影响的证据有限。我们使用了来自 2003-2008 年西班牙儿童与环境（INMA）项目的母亲的数据。我们获得了母亲怀孕早期细颗粒物（PM）和二氧化氮（NO）暴露的时空分辨率估计值，并使用卫星基归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）在母亲居住地周围 100、300 和 500 米缓冲区估计了居住绿化。我们应用逻辑回归模型来评估三种感兴趣的暴露因素（a）葡萄糖耐量和（b）异常脂质水平之间的关联。我们发现 PM 和 NO 暴露与代谢结果之间的关联证据有限。尽管没有统计学意义，但高 PM 暴露（≥25 µg/m）与葡萄糖耐量增加的几率相关（OR=1.16，95%CI：0.82，1.63）和高胆固醇（OR=1.14，95%CI：0.90，1.44）。高 NO 暴露（≥39.8 µg/m）与高甘油三酯的几率呈负相关（OR=0.70，95%CI：0.45，1.08）。尽管 NDVI 与葡萄糖耐量无关，但高甘油三酯的几率增加了，尽管结果高度不精确。当将空气污染物变量包含在回归模型中时，结果没有改变。鉴于我们的研究结果存在争议，需要进行更多的调查，以评估空气污染和居住绿化对妊娠期间代谢功能障碍的影响。
