Tambay Vincent, Raymond Valérie-Ann, Bilodeau Marc
Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
Cancers (Basel). 2021 Sep 6;13(17):4484. doi: 10.3390/cancers13174484.
Metabolic reprogramming and deregulated cellular energetics are hallmarks of cancer. The aberrant metabolism of cancer cells is thought to be the product of differential oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inactivation. MYC is one of the most important oncogenic drivers, its activation being reported in a variety of cancer types and sub-types, among which are the most prevalent and aggressive of all malignancies. This review aims to offer a comprehensive overview and highlight the importance of the c-Myc transcription factor on the regulation of metabolic pathways, in particular that of glutamine and glutaminolysis. Glutamine can be extensively metabolized into a variety of substrates and be integrated in a complex metabolic network inside the cell, from energy metabolism to nucleotide and non-essential amino acid synthesis. Together, understanding metabolic reprogramming and its underlying genetic makeup, such as MYC activation, allows for a better understanding of the cancer cell phenotype and thus of the potential vulnerabilities of cancers from a metabolic standpoint.
代谢重编程和细胞能量代谢失调是癌症的标志。癌细胞的异常代谢被认为是原癌基因激活和肿瘤抑制基因失活差异的产物。MYC是最重要的致癌驱动因素之一，据报道它在多种癌症类型和亚型中被激活，其中包括所有恶性肿瘤中最常见和侵袭性最强的类型。本综述旨在提供全面概述，并强调c-Myc转录因子对代谢途径调控的重要性，特别是对谷氨酰胺和谷氨酰胺分解代谢途径的调控。谷氨酰胺可以广泛代谢为多种底物，并整合到细胞内复杂的代谢网络中，从能量代谢到核苷酸和非必需氨基酸的合成。总之，了解代谢重编程及其潜在的基因组成，如MYC激活，有助于从代谢角度更好地理解癌细胞表型，进而了解癌症的潜在脆弱性。
