Giannopoulou Ioanna, Galinaki Sofia, Kollintza Evangelia, Adamaki Maria, Kympouropoulos Stylianos, Alevyzakis Evangelos, Tsamakis Konstantinos, Tsangaris Iraklis, Spandidos Demetrios A, Siafakas Nikolaos, Zoumpourlis Vassilios, Rizos Emmanouil
Second Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens 12462, Greece.
Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), Athens 11635, Greece.
Exp Ther Med. 2021 Oct;22(4):1162. doi: 10.3892/etm.2021.10596. Epub 2021 Aug 11.
Since its outbreak, in December, 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an ongoing global pandemic. Due to the novel antigenic properties of this virus, the world population could not develop immunity effectively and this led to the subsequent spread of COVID-19. This caused an unprecedented emergency situation with significant negative effects on health and well-being both on an individual and societal level. Apart from health, economic and social consequences, the impact of this pandemic on mental health is increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. The present review aimed to provide a comprehensive discussion of the possible neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, together with the related underlying molecular pathways. In addition, the present review focused on populations which are at a higher risk of developing psychiatric disturbances due to the COVID-19 pandemic and discussed possible routes of clinical management and therapeutics to minimize the burden associated with psychiatric disorders. Moreover, research findings exploring the prevalence of COVID-19-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms across vulnerable groups, including children, adolescents and COVID-19 survivors are presented, with particular emphasis on those with severe disease who required hospitalization and/or intensive care unit admission. Based on the available literature, the identification of potential determinants associated with PTSD across the different populations is underlined. Lessons learnt from the pandemics across the globe together with the ongoing research on COVID-19 and its impact on mental health, highlight the utmost importance for evidence-based, proactive and targeted interventions in high-risk groups aiming to mitigate the risks and manage vulnerabilities.
自2019年12月在中国武汉市爆发以来，由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已演变成一场持续的全球大流行。由于这种病毒具有新的抗原特性，世界人口无法有效产生免疫力，这导致了COVID-19的后续传播。这造成了前所未有的紧急情况，对个人和社会层面的健康与福祉都产生了重大负面影响。除了健康、经济和社会后果外，科学文献中越来越多地报道了这场大流行对心理健康的影响。本综述旨在全面讨论SARS-CoV-2可能的神经和神经精神表现以及相关的潜在分子途径。此外，本综述重点关注因COVID-19大流行而患精神障碍风险较高的人群，并讨论了临床管理和治疗的可能途径，以尽量减轻与精神障碍相关的负担。此外，还介绍了针对包括儿童、青少年和COVID-19幸存者在内的弱势群体中与COVID-19相关的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状患病率的研究结果，特别强调了那些需要住院治疗和/或入住重症监护病房的重症患者。基于现有文献，强调了在不同人群中识别与PTSD相关的潜在决定因素。从全球大流行中吸取的经验教训以及正在进行的关于COVID-19及其对心理健康影响的研究，凸显了在高危人群中进行基于证据、积极主动和有针对性干预以降低风险和应对脆弱性的极端重要性。
