Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Pain Med. 2021 Dec 11;22(12):2851-2862. doi: 10.1093/pm/pnab273.
The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dysmenorrhea and investigate factors associated with dysmenorrhic pain among university students in Lahore, Pakistan.
A cross-sectional study was conducted across various public and private sector universities in Lahore.
A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 600 randomly selected female university students.
The prevalence of dysmenorrhea was 91.5%. Age at menarche (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10-3.50) was the only significant factor associated with dysmenorrhea. The mean pain severity score among dysmenorrhic students was 5.62 ± 2.28. Most of the participants (65.8%) were experiencing moderate/severe pain. Univariate analysis showed that irregular cycle (OR [95% CI] = 1.62 [1.13-2.33]), age at menarche of ≤14 years (OR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.05-2.04]), duration of menses of more than 5 days (OR [95% CI] = 1.42 [1.02-1.99]), stress (OR [95% CI] = 2.16 [1.54-3.03]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.55 [1.08-2.21]), and medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.72 [1.17-2.52]) were significantly associated with pain severity among dysmenorrhic female students. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis revealed that medical specialization (OR [95% CI] = 1.83 [1.22-2.73]), age at menarche (OR [95% CI] = 0.603 [0.42-0.86]), regularity of menses (OR [95% CI] = 1.52 [1.04-2.22]), moderate meat/protein consumption (OR [95% CI] = 1.69 [1.16-2.45]), and stress (OR [95% CI] = 1.87 [1.32-2.66]) were independent predictors of moderate/severe dysmenorrhic pain.
The study revealed an alarmingly high prevalence of dysmenorrhea among university students. High levels of stress and early menarche were the potent determinants of moderate/severe dysmenorrhea that disturbs quality of life.
本研究旨在确定巴基斯坦拉合尔大学生痛经的患病率，并调查与痛经相关的因素。
在拉合尔的各种公立和私立大学进行了一项横断面研究。
使用自我管理的结构化问卷从 600 名随机选择的女大学生中收集数据。
痛经的患病率为 91.5%。初潮年龄（比值比 [OR] = 1.96，95%置信区间 [CI] = 1.10-3.50）是与痛经唯一相关的显著因素。痛经学生的平均疼痛严重程度评分为 5.62±2.28。大多数参与者（65.8%）经历中度/重度疼痛。单因素分析显示，不规律的周期（OR [95%CI] = 1.62 [1.13-2.33]）、初潮年龄≤14 岁（OR [95%CI] = 1.46 [1.05-2.04]）、经期持续超过 5 天（OR [95%CI] = 1.42 [1.02-1.99]）、压力（OR [95%CI] = 2.16 [1.54-3.03]）、适度的肉类/蛋白质摄入（OR [95%CI] = 1.55 [1.08-2.21]）和医学专业（OR [95%CI] = 1.72 [1.17-2.52]）与痛经女性学生的疼痛严重程度显著相关。多因素二元逻辑回归分析显示，医学专业（OR [95%CI] = 1.83 [1.22-2.73]）、初潮年龄（OR [95%CI] = 0.603 [0.42-0.86]）、月经规律（OR [95%CI] = 1.52 [1.04-2.22]）、适度的肉类/蛋白质摄入（OR [95%CI] = 1.69 [1.16-2.45]）和压力（OR [95%CI] = 1.87 [1.32-2.66]）是中度/重度痛经的独立预测因素。
该研究显示，大学生痛经的患病率高得令人震惊。高水平的压力和初潮较早是导致中度/重度痛经、影响生活质量的主要决定因素。
