Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
Department of Nursing, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia.
BMC Womens Health. 2022 Mar 23;22(1):88. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01658-5.
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is used to describe physical, cognitive, affective, and behavioral symptoms that affect young and middle-aged women occurring cyclically during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Despite the considerable prevalence and impact of PMS on individuals, their families and communities that interferes with the development of nations, many professionals are still unaware of it and little attention has been given in developing countries like Ethiopia, especially for university students. Therefore, this study was aimed for assessing the magnitude of premenstrual syndrome, associated factors and coping mechanisms among Wolkite university female regular students, 2021.
Institutional-based cross sectional study was conducted among Wolkite University regular female students from June 15/10/2021 to 30/10/2021 by using simple random and multistage with systematic random sampling technique to select the study participants (n = 591). Data were collected using a self-administered, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Premenstrual syndrome scales comprised of 40 questions with three sub-scales were used to determine Premenstrual syndrome. Data were cleaned, coded and entered into Epi-data version-3.1, and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Descriptive statistics were computed for independent variables as well as for coping mechanisms and presented in narration, tables and graphs. Analytic analysis schemes including bi-variable and multivariable logistic regression were computed to identify factors associated with premenstrual syndrome and those variables with a P value of < 0.05 in multivariable analysis were declared as statistically significant.
From the total of 631 study subjects, only 591 had completed the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 93.7%. From 591 study participants, 224 (37.9%) [95% CI: (34, 40.9)] of them had premenstrual syndrome. Abdominal cramp (78.8%), depression (73.3%) and fatigue (72.9%) were frequent premenstrual symptoms experienced by students. Having family history of PMS [AOR: 4.05; 95% CI: (2.49, 6.58)], no history of sexual intercourse [AOR: 2; 95% CI: (1.12, 3.47)], severe menstrual pain intensity [AOR: 3.09; 95% CI: (1.58, 6.05)], irregular menstrual cycle [AOR: 2.26; 95% CI: (1.41, 3.62)], early age of menarche (< 13 years) [AOR: 2.64; 95% CI: (1.34, 5.19)], long duration of menses (≥ 7 days) [AOR: 3.56; 95% CI: (1.53, 8.37)] and using many pads (> 8) during menstruation [AOR: 4.44; 95% CI: (2.16, 9.12)] were factors significantly associated with premenstrual syndrome. 93.4% of students apply at least one coping mechanism for premenstrual symptoms, of which; taking rest (67.6%) and sleeping (60.7%) were common strategies.
In this study, premenstrual syndrome was found to be a problem of many students. Abdominal cramp, depressed feeling and fatigue were the predominant premenstrual symptoms experienced by students. Taking rest and sleeping were mostly applied by students as a coping mechanism. Family history of PMS, no history of sexual intercourse, intense menstrual pain, use of many pads during menstruation, irregular menstrual cycle, early menarche, and long duration of menses were found to be predictors of premenstrual syndrome. PMS needs great attention as part of the health care service in Ethiopia by involving all stockholders, including policy makers and health care professionals, to reduce its impact on the academic performance of university students.
经前期综合征（PMS）用于描述影响年轻和中年女性的周期性身体、认知、情感和行为症状，这些症状发生在月经周期的黄体期。尽管 PMS 对个人、他们的家庭和社区的影响相当大，干扰了国家的发展，但许多专业人员仍然对此一无所知，在埃塞俄比亚等发展中国家，特别是在大学生中，几乎没有受到关注。因此，本研究旨在评估 Wolkite 大学女性普通学生经前期综合征的严重程度、相关因素和应对机制，2021 年。
2021 年 6 月 15 日至 10 月 30 日，采用基于机构的横断面研究，使用简单随机和多阶段系统随机抽样技术选择研究参与者（n=591）。数据收集使用自我管理的、预测试的、半结构化问卷。经前期综合征量表包括 40 个问题，分为 3 个亚量表，用于确定经前期综合征。数据经过清理、编码和输入 Epi-data 版本 3.1，并使用 SPSS 软件版本 25 进行分析。描述性统计数据分别计算了独立变量以及应对机制，并以叙述、表格和图表的形式呈现。分析方案包括双变量和多变量逻辑回归，以确定与经前期综合征相关的因素，并将多变量分析中 P 值<0.05 的变量宣布为具有统计学意义。
在总共 631 名研究对象中，只有 591 人完成了问卷，应答率为 93.7%。在 591 名研究参与者中，224 名（37.9%）[95%CI：（34，40.9）]有经前期综合征。学生中常见的经前期症状是腹部痉挛（78.8%）、抑郁（73.3%）和疲劳（72.9%）。有经前期综合征家族史[优势比（AOR）：4.05；95%置信区间（CI）：（2.49，6.58）]、无性生活史[AOR：2；95%CI：（1.12，3.47）]、严重的痛经强度[AOR：3.09；95%CI：（1.58，6.05）]、不规则的月经周期[AOR：2.26；95%CI：（1.41，3.62）]、初潮年龄（<13 岁）[AOR：2.64；95%CI：（1.34，5.19）]、经期持续时间长（≥7 天）[AOR：3.56；95%CI：（1.53，8.37）]和经期使用许多卫生巾（>8 片）[AOR：4.44；95%CI：（2.16，9.12）]与经前期综合征显著相关。93.4%的学生应用至少一种应对经前期症状的机制，其中；休息（67.6%）和睡眠（60.7%）是常见的策略。
在这项研究中，经前期综合征是许多学生的一个问题。腹部痉挛、抑郁感和疲劳是学生中常见的经前期症状。休息和睡眠是学生最常使用的应对机制。经前期综合征家族史、无性生活史、剧烈的痛经、经期使用大量卫生巾、月经周期不规则、初潮年龄早、经期持续时间长是经前期综合征的预测因素。经前期综合征需要引起关注，作为埃塞俄比亚医疗保健服务的一部分，涉及所有利益相关者，包括政策制定者和医疗保健专业人员，以减轻其对大学生学业成绩的影响。
