Qurashi G M
Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
J Med Ethics. 2023 Nov 23;49(12):854-859. doi: 10.1136/medethics-2021-107630.
The Organ Donation Act 2019 has introduced an opt-out organ donor register in England, meaning that consent to the donation of organs upon death is presumed unless an objection during life was actively expressed. By assessing the rights of the dead over their organs, the sick to those same organs, and the role of consent in their requisition, this paper interrogates whether such paradigms for deceased organ donation are ethically justifiable. Where legal considerations are applicable, I focus on the recent changes in England as a case in point; however, this paper ultimately challenges the justifiability of opt-out systems in any form, concluding that ethical solutions to organ shortage do not lie in opt-out systems of deceased organ procurement.
2019年《器官捐赠法》在英格兰引入了“选择退出”器官捐赠登记制度，这意味着，除非生前明确表示反对，否则推定其同意在死后捐赠器官。通过评估死者对其器官的权利、患者对这些器官的权利以及同意在器官获取中的作用，本文探讨了这种已故者器官捐赠模式在伦理上是否合理。在适用法律考量的情况下，我将重点以英格兰最近的变化为例；然而，本文最终对任何形式的“选择退出”系统的合理性提出质疑，得出结论认为，解决器官短缺问题的伦理方案并不在于已故者器官获取的“选择退出”系统。
