Melbye Sigurd, Stanislaus Sharleny, Vinberg Maj, Frost Mads, Bardram Jakob Eyvind, Kessing Lars Vedel, Faurholt-Jepsen Maria
The Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Center, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Front Psychiatry. 2021 Aug 25;12:559954. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.559954. eCollection 2021.
Smartphones may facilitate continuous and fine-grained monitoring of behavioral activities automatically generated data and could prove to be especially valuable in monitoring illness activity in young patients with bipolar disorder (BD), who often present with rapid changes in mood and related symptoms. The present pilot study in young patients with newly diagnosed BD and healthy controls (HC) aimed to (1) validate automatically generated smartphone data reflecting physical and social activity and phone usage against validated clinical rating scales and questionnaires; (2) investigate differences in automatically generated smartphone data between young patients with newly diagnosed BD and HC; and (3) investigate associations between automatically generated smartphone data and smartphone-based self-monitored mood and activity in young patients with newly diagnosed BD. A total of 40 young patients with newly diagnosed BD and 21 HC aged 15-25 years provided daily automatically generated smartphone data for 3-779 days [median (IQR) = 140 (11.5-268.5)], in addition to daily smartphone-based self-monitoring of activity and mood. All participants were assessed with clinical rating scales. (1) The number of outgoing phone calls was positively associated with scores on the Young Mania Rating Scale and subitems concerning activity and speech. The number of missed calls ( = 0.015) and the number of outgoing text messages ( = 0.017) were positively associated with the level of psychomotor agitation according to the Hamilton Depression Rating scale subitem 9. (2) Young patients with newly diagnosed BD had a higher number of incoming calls compared with HC (BD: mean = 1.419, 95% CI: 1.162, 1.677; HC: mean = 0.972, 95% CI: 0.637, 1.308; = 0.043) and lower self-monitored mood and activity ('s < 0.001). (3) Smartphone-based self-monitored mood and activity were positively associated with step counts and the number of outgoing calls, respectively ('s < 0.001). Automatically generated data on physical and social activity and phone usage seem to reflect symptoms. These data differ between young patients with newly diagnosed BD and HC and reflect changes in illness activity in young patients with BD. Automatically generated smartphone-based data could be a useful clinical tool in diagnosing and monitoring illness activity in young patients with BD.
智能手机可以促进对自动生成的行为活动数据进行持续且精细的监测，并且在监测双相情感障碍（BD）年轻患者的疾病活动方面可能被证明具有特别的价值，这些患者经常出现情绪和相关症状的快速变化。本项针对新诊断的BD年轻患者和健康对照（HC）的试点研究旨在：（1）对照经过验证的临床评定量表和问卷，验证反映身体和社交活动以及手机使用情况的自动生成的智能手机数据；（2）调查新诊断的BD年轻患者与HC之间自动生成的智能手机数据的差异；（3）调查新诊断的BD年轻患者中自动生成的智能手机数据与基于智能手机的自我监测情绪和活动之间的关联。共有40名新诊断的BD年轻患者和21名年龄在15至25岁之间的HC，除了每天基于智能手机的活动和情绪自我监测外，还提供了3至779天[中位数（四分位数间距）= 140（11.5 - 268.5）]的每日自动生成的智能手机数据。所有参与者均接受临床评定量表评估。（1）呼出电话数量与青年躁狂评定量表以及与活动和言语相关的子项目得分呈正相关。根据汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表子项目9，未接电话数量（= 0.015）和呼出短信数量（= 0.017）与精神运动性激越水平呈正相关。（2）与HC相比，新诊断的BD年轻患者的来电数量更多（BD：均值 = 1.419，95%置信区间：1.162，1.677；HC：均值 = 0.972，95%置信区间：0.637，1.308；= 0.043），且自我监测的情绪和活动更低（P值均< 0.001）。（3）基于智能手机的自我监测情绪和活动分别与步数和呼出电话数量呈正相关（P值均< 0.001）。关于身体和社交活动以及手机使用的自动生成数据似乎反映了症状。这些数据在新诊断的BD年轻患者与HC之间存在差异，并反映了BD年轻患者疾病活动的变化。基于智能手机自动生成的数据可能是诊断和监测BD年轻患者疾病活动的有用临床工具。
