Shin Charles, Kim Sung Soo, Jo Yong Hwa
Chadwick International, Incheon 22002, Republic of Korea.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 Aug 19;22:166-179. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.08.005. eCollection 2021 Sep 24.
Immunotherapy has been well regarded as one of the safer and antigen-specific anti-cancer treatments compared to first-generation chemotherapy. Since Coley's discovery, researchers focused on engineering novel antibody-based therapies. Including artificial and modified antibodies, such as antibody fragments, antibody-drug conjugates, and synthetic mimetics, the variety of immunotherapy has been rapidly expanding in the last few decades. Genetic and chemical modifications to monoclonal antibody have been brought into academia, trials, and clinical applications. Here, we have looked around antibodies overall. First, we elucidate the antibody structure and its cytotoxicity mechanisms. Second, types of therapeutic antibodies are presented. Additionally, there is a summarized list of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved therapeutic antibodies and recent clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both the general function of therapeutic antibodies and a few main variations in development, including recent advent with the proposed mechanism of actions, and we introduce types of therapeutic antibodies, clinical trials, and approved commercial immunotherapeutic drugs.
与第一代化疗相比，免疫疗法被公认为是更安全且具有抗原特异性的抗癌治疗方法之一。自科利发现以来，研究人员专注于研发新型抗体疗法。包括人工抗体和修饰抗体，如抗体片段、抗体药物偶联物和合成模拟物，在过去几十年里，免疫疗法的种类迅速增加。单克隆抗体的基因和化学修饰已进入学术界、试验和临床应用。在此，我们全面审视了抗体。首先，我们阐明了抗体结构及其细胞毒性机制。其次，介绍了治疗性抗体的类型。此外，还总结了美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的治疗性抗体和近期的临床试验。本综述全面概述了治疗性抗体的一般功能以及开发中的一些主要变体，包括近期出现的作用机制，并介绍了治疗性抗体的类型、临床试验和已批准的商业免疫治疗药物。
