探讨密集恐惧症的理论网络。
An exploration of the nomological network of trypophobia.
机构信息
Division of Clinical Psychology and Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Institute of Work and Organizational Psychology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2021 Sep 14;16(9):e0257409. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257409. eCollection 2021.
BACKGROUND
Trypophobia is characterised by an aversion to or even revulsion for patterns of holes or visual stimuli featuring such patterns. Past research has shown that trypophobic stimuli trigger emotional and physiological reactions, but relatively little is known about the antecedents, prodromes, or simply covariates of trypophobia.
AIM
The goals of this study were (a) to draw the contours of the nomological network of trypophobia by assessing the associations of symptoms of trypophobia with several constructs that were deemed relevant from past research on anxiety disorders and specific phobias, (b) to compare such associations with those found for symptoms of spider phobia and blood and injection phobia (alternative dependent variables), and (c) to investigate the main effect of gender on symptoms of trypophobia and replicate the association of gender with symptoms of spider phobia and blood and injection phobia (higher scores for women).
METHODS
Participants (N = 1,134, 53% men) in this cross-sectional study completed an online questionnaire assessing the constructs of interest.
RESULTS
Most assessed constructs typically associated with anxiety disorders (neuroticism, conscientiousness, anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety, disgust sensitivity, and disgust propensity) were also associated with trypophobia in the predicted direction. All of these constructs were also associated with spider phobia and blood and injection phobia. Behavioral inhibition was negatively associated with trypophobia and spider phobia-contrary to what was expected, but positively with blood and injection phobia. We found no gender difference in trypophobia, whereas women scored higher on spider phobia and blood and injection phobia.
DISCUSSION
Although some differences were observed, the nomological network of trypophobia was largely similar to that of spider phobia and blood and injection phobia. Further studies are needed to clarify similarities and dissimilarities between trypophobia and specific phobia.
背景
密集恐惧症的特点是对孔状或具有此类图案的视觉刺激物产生厌恶甚至反感。过去的研究表明，密集恐惧症刺激物会引发情绪和生理反应，但对于密集恐惧症的前因、前驱症状或简单的协变量知之甚少。
目的
本研究的目的是(a) 通过评估密集恐惧症症状与过去焦虑障碍和特定恐惧症研究中认为相关的几个结构的关联，勾勒出密集恐惧症的因果关系网络，(b) 将这些关联与蜘蛛恐惧症和血液与注射恐惧症（替代因变量）的发现进行比较，以及(c) 研究性别对密集恐惧症症状的主要影响，并复制性别与蜘蛛恐惧症和血液与注射恐惧症症状的关联（女性得分较高）。
方法
本横断面研究的参与者（N=1134 人，53%为男性）完成了一份在线问卷，评估了感兴趣的结构。
结果
大多数评估的结构通常与焦虑障碍相关（神经质、尽责性、焦虑敏感性、特质焦虑、厌恶敏感性和厌恶倾向），并且与密集恐惧症呈预期方向相关。所有这些结构也与蜘蛛恐惧症和血液与注射恐惧症相关。行为抑制与密集恐惧症和蜘蛛恐惧症呈负相关——与预期相反，但与血液与注射恐惧症呈正相关。我们没有发现密集恐惧症在性别上的差异，而女性在蜘蛛恐惧症和血液与注射恐惧症上的得分更高。
讨论
尽管观察到了一些差异，但密集恐惧症的因果关系网络在很大程度上与蜘蛛恐惧症和血液与注射恐惧症相似。需要进一步的研究来阐明密集恐惧症和特定恐惧症之间的相似性和差异性。
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