Rahimmanesh Ilnaz, Khanahmad Hossein
Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.
Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran.
Res Pharm Sci. 2021 Aug 19;16(5):447-454. doi: 10.4103/1735-5362.323911. eCollection 2021 Oct.
Redirected chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells can recognize and eradicate cancer cells in a major histocompatibility complex independent manner. Genetic engineering of T cells through CAR expression has yielded great results in the treatment of hematological malignancies compared with solid tumors. There has been a constant effort to enhance the effectiveness of these living drugs, due to their limited success in targeting solid tumors. Poor T cell trafficking, tumor-specific antigen selection, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment are considered as the main barriers in targeting solid tumors by CAR T-cells. Here, we reviewed the current state of CAR T-cell therapy in breast cancer, as the second cancer-related death in women worldwide, as well as some strategies adopted to keep the main limitations of CAR T-cells under control. Also, we summarized various approaches that have been developed to enhance the therapeutic outcomes of this treatment in solid tumors targeting.
重定向嵌合抗原受体（CAR）T细胞能够以一种不依赖主要组织相容性复合体的方式识别并根除癌细胞。与实体瘤相比，通过CAR表达对T细胞进行基因工程改造在血液系统恶性肿瘤的治疗中取得了巨大成果。由于这些活药物在靶向实体瘤方面取得的成功有限，人们一直在不断努力提高其有效性。T细胞转运不佳、肿瘤特异性抗原选择以及免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境被认为是CAR T细胞靶向实体瘤的主要障碍。在此，我们综述了CAR T细胞疗法在乳腺癌（全球女性第二大致癌死亡原因）治疗中的现状，以及为控制CAR T细胞的主要局限性而采取的一些策略。此外，我们总结了为提高这种治疗在实体瘤靶向治疗中的疗效而开发的各种方法。
