Silva Sofia Marques, Ribas Camila C, Aleixo Alexandre
Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources CIBIO/InBIO Vairão Portugal.
Department of Zoology Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém Brazil.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Jul 28;11(17):11826-11838. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7951. eCollection 2021 Sep.
We assessed population structure and the spatio-temporal pattern of diversification in the Glossy Antshrike (Aves, Thamnophilidae) to understand the processes shaping the evolutionary history of Amazonian floodplains and address unresolved taxonomic controversies surrounding its species limits. By targeting ultraconserved elements (UCEs) from 32 specimens of . , we identified independent lineages and estimated their differentiation, divergence times, and migration rates. We also estimated current and past demographic histories for each recovered lineage. We found evidence confirming that . consists of a single species, comprising at least four populations, with some highly admixed individuals and overall similar levels of migration between populations. We confirmed the differentiation of the Araguaia River basin population (. ) and gathered circumstantial evidence indicating that the taxon . may represent a highly introgressed population between three distinct phylogroups of . . Divergences between populations occurred during the last 1.2 mya. Signs of population expansions were detected for populations attributed to subspecies . , but not for the . population. Our results support that . has had a complex population history, resulting from a high dependence on southeastern "clear water" seasonally flooded habitats and their availability through time. Spatial and demographic expansions toward the western "white water" flooded forests might be related to recent changes in connectivity and availability of these habitats. Our study reinforces the view that isolation due to absence of suitable habitat has been an important driver of population differentiation within Amazonian flooded forests, but also that differences between ("white water" floodplains, mostly in southwestern Amazonia) and ("clear water" floodplains, especially located in the east) should be further explored as drivers of micro-evolution for terrestrial species.
我们评估了纯色蚁鵙（雀形目，蚁鵙科）的种群结构和多样化的时空模式，以了解塑造亚马逊河漫滩进化历史的过程，并解决围绕其物种界限的未解决分类学争议。通过对32个……标本的超保守元件（UCEs）进行靶向分析，我们确定了独立的谱系，并估计了它们的分化、分歧时间和迁移率。我们还估计了每个恢复谱系的当前和过去的种群历史。我们发现证据证实……由单一物种组成，包括至少四个种群，有一些高度混合的个体，种群之间的迁移水平总体相似。我们确认了阿拉瓜亚河流域种群（……）的分化，并收集了间接证据表明分类单元……可能代表……三个不同系统发育组之间的一个高度渐渗的种群。种群之间的分歧发生在过去120万年。检测到归属于亚种……的种群有种群扩张的迹象，但……种群没有。我们的结果支持……有一个复杂的种群历史，这是由于对东南部“清水”季节性淹没栖息地的高度依赖以及这些栖息地随时间的可用性。向西部“白水”淹没森林的空间和种群扩张可能与这些栖息地的连通性和可用性的近期变化有关。我们的研究强化了这样一种观点，即由于缺乏合适的栖息地而导致的隔离一直是亚马逊河淹没森林内种群分化的重要驱动因素，但同时也认为（“白水”漫滩，主要在亚马逊西南部）和（“清水”漫滩，特别是位于东部）之间的差异作为陆生物种微进化的驱动因素应进一步探索。
