Lothian Angus J, Lucas Martyn C
Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK.
Ecol Evol. 2021 Aug 1;11(17):11974-11990. doi: 10.1002/ece3.7964. eCollection 2021 Sep.
Variations in behavioral traits are widely recognized to drive animal behaviors exhibited within a population. However, information on how behavior traits influence behavior in anthropogenically modified habitats is lacking. Many habitats have become highly fragmented as a result of human processes. To mitigate this and improve habitat connectivity, wildlife passes are increasingly employed, with the aim of enabling animals to move freely between habitats. However, wildlife passes (e.g., fishways) are not always effective in achieving passage and it remains uncertain what factors play a role in an individual's likelihood of passing successfully. This study measured three behavioral traits (boldness, exploration, and activity) in juvenile brown trout (; = 78) under field conditions within a river and tested whether these behavior traits influenced both the passage success and the behaviors exhibited during upstream fishway passage attempts. Although behavioral traits were found and collapsed into two behavioral trait dimensions, behavioral traits had low repeatability and so did not contribute to a personality spectrum. Boldness was found to negatively influence the number of passage attempts carried out by an individual and to positively influence passage success, with bolder individuals carrying out fewer attempts and having an increased probability of passage success. No behavioral traits were found to be related to other passage metrics (passage success, Time until First Attempt, and Passage Duration) during the first passage. But all three behavioral traits were significantly negatively related to the changes in passage behaviors at consecutive, successful passage attempts, with bolder, more exploratory and more active individuals passing through a fishway quicker on the second passage than on the first. This study suggests that bolder and more active individuals may perform better during fishway passage attempts, particularly within rivers where multiple barriers to movement exist.
行为特征的变化被广泛认为会驱动种群内动物表现出的行为。然而，关于行为特征如何影响人为改造栖息地中的行为的信息却很缺乏。由于人类活动，许多栖息地已变得高度破碎化。为了缓解这一问题并改善栖息地连通性，野生动物通道越来越多地被采用，目的是使动物能够在栖息地之间自由移动。然而，野生动物通道（如鱼道）并不总是能有效地实现通行，而且对于哪些因素会影响个体成功通过的可能性仍不确定。本研究在一条河流的野外条件下测量了78条幼年褐鳟的三种行为特征（大胆程度、探索行为和活动水平），并测试了这些行为特征是否会影响通过成功率以及在上游鱼道通行尝试期间表现出的行为。尽管发现了行为特征并将其归纳为两个行为特征维度，但行为特征的重复性较低，因此并未形成个性谱。研究发现大胆程度会对个体进行的通行尝试次数产生负面影响，并对通行成功率产生正面影响，更大胆的个体进行的尝试次数更少，且通行成功的概率更高。在首次通行期间，未发现行为特征与其他通行指标（通行成功率、首次尝试前的时间和通行持续时间）有关。但在连续成功的通行尝试中，所有三种行为特征都与通行行为的变化显著负相关，更大胆、更具探索性和更活跃的个体在第二次通行时通过鱼道的速度比第一次更快。这项研究表明，更大胆和更活跃的个体在鱼道通行尝试中可能表现得更好，特别是在存在多个移动障碍河流中。
