The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Health Soc Behav. 2021 Sep;62(3):255-270. doi: 10.1177/0022146521996275.
From 1940 to 1980, studies of medical education were foundational to sociology, but attention shifted away from medical training in the late 1980s. Recently, there has been a marked return to this once pivotal topic, reflecting new questions and stakes. This article traces this resurgence by reviewing recent substantive research trends and setting the agenda for future research. We summarize four current research foci that reflect and critically map onto earlier projects in this subfield while driving theoretical development elsewhere in the larger discipline: (1) professional socialization, (2) knowledge regimes, (3) stratification within the profession, and (4) sociology of the field of medical education. We then offer six potential future directions where more research is needed: (1) inequalities in medical education, (2) socialization across the life course and new institutional forms of gatekeeping, (3) provider well-being, (4) globalization, (5) medical education as knowledge-based work, and (6) effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
从 1940 年到 1980 年，医学教育研究是社会学的基础，但在 20 世纪 80 年代末，人们对医学培训的关注逐渐减少。最近，这个曾经至关重要的话题又重新受到关注，反映出了新的问题和利益。本文通过回顾近期实质性研究趋势，并为未来的研究设定议程，追溯了这一复兴。我们总结了当前的四个研究焦点，这些焦点反映并批判性地映射到该子领域早期的项目上，同时在更大的学科领域的其他地方推动理论发展：（1）专业社会化；（2）知识体系；（3）职业内部的分层；（4）医学教育领域的社会学。然后，我们提出了六个未来需要更多研究的潜在方向：（1）医学教育中的不平等；（2）整个生命周期的社会化和新的准入制度形式；（3）提供者的幸福感；（4）全球化；（5）医学教育作为基于知识的工作；（6）COVID-19 大流行的影响。
