Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
Asian J Androl. 2021 Nov-Dec;23(6):580-589. doi: 10.4103/aja202153.
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific proteinaceous macromolecular structure that assembles between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis in various eukaryotes. The SC has a highly conserved ultrastructure and plays critical roles in controlling multiple steps in meiotic recombination and crossover formation, ensuring accurate meiotic chromosome segregation. Recent studies in different organisms, facilitated by advances in super-resolution microscopy, have provided insights into the macromolecular structure of the SC, including the internal organization of the meiotic chromosome axis and SC central region, the regulatory pathways that control SC assembly and dynamics, and the biological functions exerted by the SC and its substructures. This review summarizes recent discoveries about how the SC is organized and regulated that help to explain the biological functions associated with this meiosis-specific structure.
联会复合体（SC）是一种在各种真核生物减数分裂过程中在同源染色体之间组装的减数分裂特异性蛋白大分子结构。SC 具有高度保守的超微结构，在控制减数分裂重组和交叉形成的多个步骤中发挥关键作用，确保减数分裂染色体的正确分离。借助超分辨率显微镜技术的进步，在不同生物体中的最新研究提供了对 SC 大分子结构的深入了解，包括减数分裂染色体轴和 SC 中心区域的内部组织、控制 SC 组装和动态的调节途径，以及 SC 及其亚结构发挥的生物学功能。本综述总结了关于 SC 如何组织和调节的最新发现，有助于解释与这种减数分裂特异性结构相关的生物学功能。
