Zhao Anqi, Wang Lixin, Pang Xueying, Liu Fang
Beijing Key Laboratory of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Heating, Gas Supply, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing, China.
Environ Res. 2022 Mar;204(Pt B):112041. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112041. Epub 2021 Sep 13.
Phthalates, which are widely used in industrial products, can be dermally absorbed into the human body and harm human health. In this study, we measured the levels of phthalates in skin wipes collected from 30 undergraduate volunteers. The body surfaces wiped include the forehead, forearms, hands, back, calves, and insteps. We analyzed the characteristics and possible sources of phthalates on the skin surface and used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate dermal exposure. The mean total dermal exposure was in the range of 0.129-8.25 μg/(kg·day). Seven phthalates were detected, with a detection frequency of 57-100%. Phthalate levels were not significantly different between symmetrical locations, but differed significantly at the same sampling location. The mean dinonyl phthalate (DNP) contribution was the highest on the forehead, back, and forearm. The mean DNP and di (2-n-butoxyethyl) phthalate (DBEP) contributions on hands were the highest and second-highest, respectively. The mean DBEP contribution was the highest on calf and instep. Phthalates level was the maximum on the forehead and instep. Habit and activities can lead to significant differences in phthalate concentrations on the skin surfaces of male and female students. The sum of dermal exposure on the torso, head, and feet perhaps best approximates the total body exposure. To date, information on the dermal exposure and related species of phthalates are limited; therefore, further study is needed.
邻苯二甲酸盐广泛应用于工业产品中，可通过皮肤吸收进入人体并危害人体健康。在本研究中，我们测量了从30名本科志愿者收集的皮肤擦拭样本中的邻苯二甲酸盐水平。擦拭的身体部位包括额头、前臂、手部、背部、小腿和脚背。我们分析了皮肤表面邻苯二甲酸盐的特征和可能来源，并使用蒙特卡洛模拟来估计皮肤暴露量。皮肤总暴露量的平均值在0.129 - 8.25μg/(kg·天)范围内。检测到七种邻苯二甲酸盐，检出频率为57% - 100%。对称部位之间的邻苯二甲酸盐水平无显著差异，但在相同采样部位存在显著差异。邻苯二甲酸二壬酯（DNP）在额头、背部和前臂的平均贡献率最高。手部的DNP和邻苯二甲酸二（2 - 正丁氧基乙基）酯（DBEP）平均贡献率分别最高和第二高。DBEP在小腿和脚背的平均贡献率最高。额头和脚背的邻苯二甲酸盐水平最高。习惯和活动会导致男女学生皮肤表面邻苯二甲酸盐浓度存在显著差异。躯干、头部和脚部的皮肤暴露量总和可能最接近全身暴露量。迄今为止，关于邻苯二甲酸盐的皮肤暴露及相关种类的信息有限；因此，需要进一步研究。
