Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2022 Jan;39(1):151-157. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1974471. Epub 2021 Sep 16.
Advancing clock times by 1 h in the spring to daylight savings time and setting clock times back 1 h in the autumn to standard time disrupts circadian timing, sleep and skilled motor behavior such as driving an automobile. It is unknown if endurance performance is impacted by daylight savings transition (DST). The natural experiment described here examined whether exposure to a DST in the 10 h prior to the start of a marathon race was associated with a different mean completion time compared to participants who ran the same course but were unexposed to a recent DST. The primary outcome was the average running time of finishers of United States marathons that were completed on either spring-DST or autumn-DST days in the years 2000-2018. Comparisons were made to results from the same marathon held in a different year that was not run on a DST day. Data were obtained from the public data base . Analysis of the primary outcome used paired samples t-tests weighted by sample size. Spring and autumn data were analyzed separately. Eighteen spring and 29 autumn marathons met the inclusion criteria. Compared to control marathons, the weighted spring-DST performance was worse by 12.3 min (4.1%; < .001) and equal to a moderate standardized effect size of 0.57 while autumn-DST was trivially worse by 1.4 min (0.5%), which was equivalent to an effect size of 0.13. Ambient temperatures for the DST and control races did not differ for either the spring (10.6 vs. 8.9℃; = .212) or autumn marathons (7.6 vs. 9.3℃; = .131). Within the limitations of a natural experiment research design, it is concluded that the findings support worse running performance in marathon races held in the spring on the day of transition to daylight savings time when there is a forced circadian change and sleep loss.
将时钟在春季向前拨 1 小时以进入夏令时，然后在秋季将时钟向后拨 1 小时回到标准时间，会打乱昼夜节律、睡眠和驾驶等精细运动行为。目前尚不清楚夏令时转换是否会影响耐力表现。这里描述的自然实验研究了在马拉松比赛开始前 10 小时暴露于夏令时是否与参与者跑完相同的比赛路线但未接触到最近的夏令时之间的平均完成时间存在差异。主要结局是在 2000 年至 2018 年期间，在美国春季夏令时或秋季夏令时完成的马拉松比赛中完赛者的平均跑步时间。与在不同年份举行的非夏令时进行的同一马拉松比赛的结果进行了比较。数据来自公共数据库。主要结局的分析使用按样本量加权的配对样本 t 检验。分别对春季和秋季数据进行分析。符合纳入标准的有 18 场春季和 29 场秋季马拉松比赛。与对照马拉松比赛相比，加权后的春季夏令时比赛成绩差了 12.3 分钟（4.1%；<0.001），相当于中等标准化效应大小 0.57，而秋季夏令时比赛成绩仅差 1.4 分钟（0.5%），相当于效应大小 0.13。夏令时和对照比赛的环境温度在春季（10.6 比 8.9℃；=0.212）或秋季马拉松比赛（7.6 比 9.3℃；=0.131）中没有差异。在自然实验研究设计的限制内，可以得出结论，这些发现支持在春季向夏令时过渡的当天举行的马拉松比赛中，由于强制的昼夜节律变化和睡眠不足，跑步表现更差。
