Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Tuzla State Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Health Directorate, Public Health Directorate, Siirt, Turkey.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2021 Sep;24(9):1259-1267. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_577_20.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the new [novel] coronavirus, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a pandemic with exceeding 72 million cases and 1.2 million deaths by the end of November 2020. We aimed to evaluate clinical, laboratory, and radiology findings of COVID-19 in children as reported worldwide and thereby to increase the clinical knowledge about the disease. Bibliographic searches were conducted in December 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar. The search was limited to children [below 18 years of age]. The search strategy yielded a total of 336 potential articles but finally a total of 25 valid studies covering a total of 2446 (China: 1109, Europe: 663, North America: 674) pediatric patients. In the studies covered by this review, it was observed that the median age was calculated at various values between the ages of 1 and 7 years. In the studies, overall rate of the asymptomatic patients was 24.8% (ranging between 10.7 and 56.6). Acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) [mild disease] was observed in 40.7 (ranging between 22 and 50.6%), mild pneumonia in 27% (ranging between 9.5 and 40.6%), and severe pneumonia in 5.3% (ranging between 1.9 and 10.6%). A total of 3% (ranging between 0.7 and 5.1%) of the patients had critical severity. Among the most common clinical symptoms and findings; 61.7% (ranging between 57.4 and 64.3%) of the patients had fever, 53.2% (ranging between 30.6 and 75.1%) had cough, 16.8% (ranging between 4.6 and 27.2%) had diarrhea or nausea, and 15% had lymphopenia. Abnormal radiological findings were detected in 47.2 of the children with COVID-19 and ground glass opacity was in 22.2%. COVID-19 manifests milder and the clinical signs and symptoms vary widely in children. Laboratory and radiological findings of COVID-19 in pediatric patients are not mostly disease-specific, except lymphopenia may have a limited value, and ground glass opacity may have a significant diagnostic value.
新型冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）由新型冠状病毒，即严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）引起，截至 2020 年 11 月底，已导致超过 7200 万例病例和 120 万人死亡。我们旨在评估全球范围内报告的儿童 COVID-19 的临床、实验室和影像学表现，从而增加对该疾病的临床认识。2020 年 12 月，我们使用 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 进行了文献检索。检索范围仅限于儿童（<18 岁）。检索策略共产生了 336 篇潜在文章，但最终共有 25 项有效研究涵盖了总共 2446 名儿科患者（中国：1109 例，欧洲：663 例，北美：674 例）。在本综述涵盖的研究中，观察到中位数年龄在 1 至 7 岁之间的不同年龄段。在研究中，无症状患者的总体比例为 24.8%（范围为 10.7%至 56.6%）。急性上呼吸道感染（URTI）[轻度疾病]占 40.7%（范围为 22%至 50.6%），轻度肺炎占 27%（范围为 9.5%至 40.6%），重症肺炎占 5.3%（范围为 1.9%至 10.6%）。总共有 3%（范围为 0.7%至 5.1%）的患者有危急严重程度。最常见的临床症状和发现包括：61.7%（范围为 57.4%至 64.3%）的患者有发热，53.2%（范围为 30.6%至 75.1%）的患者有咳嗽，16.8%（范围为 4.6%至 27.2%）的患者有腹泻或恶心，15%的患者有淋巴细胞减少症。在 COVID-19 患儿中，47.2 例有异常影像学表现，22.2%有磨玻璃影。COVID-19 在儿童中表现为较轻，临床症状和体征差异很大。除淋巴细胞减少症可能具有有限的价值外，儿科患者的 COVID-19 实验室和影像学表现大多不具有疾病特异性，磨玻璃影可能具有重要的诊断价值。
