Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Delhi, India.
Biomed Res Int. 2021 Sep 6;2021:7396580. doi: 10.1155/2021/7396580. eCollection 2021.
Endothelin is a chemical mediator that helps in maintaining balance within the blood-brain barrier by regulating the levels of toxicants and molecules which pass through the brain, suggesting that a rise in its production determines Alzheimer's disease. The inequity in the amyloid occurs due to a problem in its clearance from the brain initiating the production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide that activates a cascade wherein the release of inflammatory mediators and various enzymes like endothelin-converting enzymes take place. Furthermore, the cascade increases the levels of endothelin in the brain from endothelial cells. Endothelin levels are upregulated, which can be regulated by modulating the action of endothelin-converting enzymes and endothelin receptors. Hence, endothelin paves a pathway in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this article, we have covered various mechanisms and preclinical studies that support and direct endothelin involvement in the progression of Alzheimer's disease by using various search tools such as PubMed, Science Direct, and Medline. Conclusive outcome data were extracted that all together defy contrivance pathways, potential drugs, endothelin receptors, and endothelin enzymes in our article giving profound importance to target endothelin for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
内皮素是一种化学介质，通过调节通过大脑的有毒物质和分子的水平来帮助维持血脑屏障的平衡，这表明其产量的增加决定了阿尔茨海默病的发生。由于其从大脑中清除的问题，淀粉样蛋白的不平衡发生了，从而引发了活性氧和超氧化物的产生，激活了级联反应，其中炎症介质和各种酶（如内皮素转换酶）的释放发生。此外，级联反应会增加大脑中内皮素的水平从内皮细胞。内皮素水平上调，这可以通过调节内皮素转换酶和内皮素受体的作用来调节。因此，内皮素为阿尔茨海默病的治疗开辟了一条途径。在本文中，我们综述了各种机制和临床前研究，这些研究通过使用 PubMed、Science Direct 和 Medline 等各种搜索工具，支持和指导内皮素参与阿尔茨海默病的进展。我们的文章中提取了明确的结论数据，这些数据共同否定了人为途径、潜在药物、内皮素受体和内皮素酶，从而为针对内皮素预防和治疗阿尔茨海默病提供了重要依据。
