Rodríguez-Otero José Eduardo, Campos-Mouriño Xiana, Meilán-Fernández David, Pintos-Bailón Sarai, Cabo-Escribano Graciela
Suicide Prevention Unit, Psychiatry Service, Galician Health Service SERGAS, South Galicia Health Research Institute - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, CIBERSAM, Vigo, Spain.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2022 Nov;68(7):1403-1410. doi: 10.1177/00207640211027210. Epub 2021 Sep 17.
Each year, around 800,000 people die by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors is much higher when suicidal attempts and persistent self-injurious ideation are included. Therefore, suicide is a public health concern. Research has been sensitive to this problem, deepening the study of risk factors and the development of theoretical frameworks of suicidal behavior, with the aim of generating effective suicide prevention policies around the biopsychosocial model.
We aimed to explore the role of relational, community, and social factors in current suicide prevention strategies.
Studies of risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior and the consequent development of theoretical frameworks were reviewed to verify if this knowledge was really used in suicide prevention policies.
Studies of risk and protective factors focus mainly on the individual, while theoretical frameworks emphasize the role of the relational, community, and social. Suicide prevention strategies more closely follow individual models derived from studies of risk factors.
Suicide prevention strategies should broaden their individual narrative to include relational, community, and social interventions as anti-suicide measures.
每年约有80万人死于自杀。若将自杀未遂和持续的自伤意念纳入考量，自杀行为的发生率则要高得多。因此，自杀是一个公共卫生问题。研究一直关注这一问题，不断深入探究自杀风险因素以及自杀行为理论框架的发展，旨在围绕生物心理社会模型制定有效的自杀预防政策。
我们旨在探讨人际关系、社区和社会因素在当前自杀预防策略中的作用。
回顾了关于自杀行为风险和保护因素的研究以及由此产生的理论框架，以验证这些知识是否真正应用于自杀预防政策。
风险和保护因素研究主要聚焦于个体，而理论框架则强调人际关系、社区和社会的作用。自杀预防策略更紧密地遵循从风险因素研究中得出的个体模型。
自杀预防策略应拓宽其个体层面的思路，将人际关系、社区和社会干预措施纳入反自杀措施之中。
