Fernández-Alba Lucía, Rea-Rodríguez Cristina, Llosa José Antonio, Agulló-Tomás Esteban, Vargas Jiménez Esperanza
Faculty Padre Ossó, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
Faculty of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
BMC Psychol. 2025 Jul 1;13(1):692. doi: 10.1186/s40359-025-03042-y.
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death globally and its early detection is key to prevention. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Suicidal Ideation Index of the GHQ-28 questionnaire in the general population in Spain and Mexico, evaluating its validity and psychometric reliability, as well as its usefulness for cross-cultural studies.
The research was developed with a total sample of 6377 people; 5573 in Spain and 804 in Mexico. The statistical analysis was divided into two studies: one to validate the index within each country and the other to assess its factorial invariance across countries. Factor analyses confirmed a unidimensional structure of the index, composed of four items related to suicidal thoughts. High levels of reliability were obtained and the invariance of the instrument by gender, psychotropic drug use and country was demonstrated, allowing its comparative use in cross-cultural research.
Despite the frequent use of the GHQ-28 in mental health, there was no formal validation of its specific index for suicidal ideation in Spanish-speaking contexts. This study offers the first formal validation of the Suicidal Ideation Index of the GHQ-28 in Spanish-speaking populations. The index showed a unidimensional structure, high reliability, and measurement invariance across gender, psychotropic drug use, and country. These results support its use as a reliable tool for detecting suicidal ideation and for cross-cultural research in mental health.
自杀是全球主要死因之一，早期发现是预防的关键。本研究旨在对西班牙和墨西哥普通人群中GHQ - 28问卷的自杀意念指数进行改编和验证，评估其有效性、心理测量可靠性以及对跨文化研究的实用性。
该研究共纳入6377人作为样本；其中西班牙5573人，墨西哥804人。统计分析分为两项研究：一项在每个国家内部验证该指数，另一项评估其在不同国家间的因素不变性。因素分析证实该指数具有单维结构，由四个与自杀念头相关的项目组成。获得了较高的可靠性水平，并证明了该工具在性别、精神药物使用和国家方面的不变性，从而允许其在跨文化研究中进行比较使用。
尽管GHQ - 28在心理健康领域被频繁使用，但在西班牙语环境中，其自杀意念的特定指数尚未得到正式验证。本研究首次对西班牙语人群中GHQ - 28的自杀意念指数进行了正式验证。该指数显示出单维结构、高可靠性以及在性别、精神药物使用和国家方面的测量不变性。这些结果支持将其用作检测自杀意念和进行心理健康跨文化研究的可靠工具。
