Aiuppa Alessandro, Bitetto Marcello, Delle Donne Dario, La Monica Francesco Paolo, Tamburello Giancarlo, Coppola Diego, Della Schiava Massimo, Innocenti Lorenzo, Lacanna Giorgio, Laiolo Marco, Massimetti Francesco, Pistolesi Marco, Silengo Maria Cristina, Ripepe Maurizio
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli, Italy.
Sci Adv. 2021 Sep 17;7(38):eabh0191. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0191.
The ordinarily benign activity of basaltic volcanoes is periodically interrupted by violent paroxysmal explosions ranging in size from Hawaiian to Plinian in the most extreme examples. These paroxysms often occur suddenly and with limited or no precursors, leaving their causal mechanisms still incompletely understood. Two such events took place in summer 2019 at Stromboli, a volcano otherwise known for its persistent mild open-vent activity, resulting in one fatality and damage to infrastructure. Here, we use a post hoc analysis and reinterpretation of volcanic gas compositions and fluxes acquired at Stromboli to show that the two paroxysms were preceded by detectable escalations in volcanic plume CO degassing weeks to months beforehand. Our results demonstrate that volcanic gas CO is a key driver of explosions and that the preparatory periods ahead of explosions in basaltic systems can be captured by precursory CO leakage from deeply stored mafic magma.
玄武质火山通常的良性活动会周期性地被剧烈的阵发性爆炸打断，在最极端的情况下，爆炸规模从夏威夷式到普林尼式不等。这些阵发性爆炸往往突然发生，很少或没有前兆，其成因机制仍未完全明了。2019年夏天，在斯特龙博利岛发生了两起这样的事件，这座火山原本以持续的温和开放式火山口活动而闻名，事件造成一人死亡和基础设施损坏。在此，我们对在斯特龙博利岛采集的火山气体成分和通量进行事后分析和重新解读，结果表明，在这两次阵发性爆炸发生前的数周至数月，火山羽流中的一氧化碳脱气出现了可检测到的增加。我们的研究结果表明，火山气体一氧化碳是爆炸的关键驱动因素，玄武质火山系统中爆炸前的准备阶段可以通过深部储存的镁铁质岩浆中一氧化碳的前兆性泄漏来捕捉。
