Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Indgang 18 Penthouse 2. sal, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; Research Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, Indgang 18 Penthouse 2. sal, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Internal Medicine, Lillebælt Hospital, Kolding, Sygehusvej 24, DK-6000 Kolding, Denmark.
Department of Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 4, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark.
Int J Infect Dis. 2021 Nov;112:96-102. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.023. Epub 2021 Sep 15.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) carry a pronounced risk of acquiring severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and potential risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in the Region of Southern Denmark after the first pandemic wave in the spring of 2020.
This was an observational study conducted between May and June 2020. SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM antibodies were measured in plasma. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of demographic information, risk factors, and COVID-19-related symptoms.
A total of 7950 HCWs participated. The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 2.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.4%). Seropositive participants were significantly older (mean age 48.9 years vs 46.7 years in seronegative participants, P = 0.022) and a higher percentage had experienced at least one symptom of COVID-19 (P < 0.001). The seroprevalence was significantly higher among HCWs working on dedicated COVID-19 wards (3.5%; OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.44-2.84). Seroprevalence was significantly related to 11-50 close physical contacts per day outside work (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22).
The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was low in HCWs. However, the occupational risk of contracting the infection was found to be higher for those working on dedicated COVID-19 wards. Further, the results imply that attention should be paid to occupational risk factors in planning pandemic preparedness.
医护人员（HCWs）感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的风险明显较高。本研究旨在确定 2020 年春季首次大流行期间丹麦南部地区 HCWs 的 SARS-CoV-2 血清流行率和感染的潜在危险因素。
这是一项在 2020 年 5 月至 6 月期间进行的观察性研究。使用血浆测量 SARS-CoV-2 IgG 和 IgM 抗体。要求参与者填写一份包括人口统计学信息、危险因素和 COVID-19 相关症状的问卷。
共有 7950 名 HCWs 参与。SARS-CoV-2 抗体的血清流行率为 2.1%（95%置信区间（CI）1.8-2.4%）。血清阳性参与者明显年龄较大（平均年龄 48.9 岁，而血清阴性参与者为 46.7 岁，P=0.022），并且有更高比例的人至少经历过一次 COVID-19 症状（P<0.001）。在专门的 COVID-19 病房工作的 HCWs 中，血清流行率明显更高（3.5%；比值比（OR）2.02，95%CI 1.44-2.84）。血清流行率与每天在工作之外与 11-50 名密切接触者密切相关（OR 1.54，95%CI 1.07-2.22）。
HCWs 中 SARS-CoV-2 抗体的流行率较低。但是，在专门的 COVID-19 病房工作的人感染的职业风险更高。此外，研究结果表明，在规划大流行准备工作时，应注意职业危险因素。
