Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
Laboratorio de Toxicología Ambiental, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón Intersección Paseo Tollocan s/n, Col. Residencial Colón, 50120, Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Dec 15;291:118078. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118078. Epub 2021 Sep 9.
Several studies highlighted the ubiquitous presence of ibuprofen and aluminum in the aquatic environment around the world and demonstrated their potential to induce embryotoxic and teratogenic defects on aquatic species individually. Although studies that evaluate developmental alterations induced by mixtures of these pollutants are scarce; and, since environmental contamination presented in the form of a mixture of toxicants with different chemical properties and toxicity mechanisms capable of generating interactions; the objective of this study was to evaluate the developmental defects, teratogenic alterations, and oxidative stress induced by individual forms and the mixture of ibuprofen (IBU) and aluminum (Al) on zebrafish embryos. Oocytes exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of IBU (0.1-20 μg L-1) and Al (0.01-8 mg L-1) and one binary mixture. The LC50 and EC50 were obtained to calculate the teratogenic index (TI). The IBU LC50, EC50, and TI were 8.06 μg L-1, 2.85 μg L-1 and 2.82. In contrast, Al LC50 was 5.0 mg L-1with an EC50 of 3.58 mg L-1 and TI of 1.39. The main alterations observed for individual compounds were hatching alterations, head malformation, skeletal deformities, hypopigmentation, pericardial edema, and heart rate impairment. The mixture also showed significant delays to embryonic development. Moreover, oxidative stress biomarkers of cellular oxidation and antioxidant defenses at 72 and 96 hpf significantly increased. Results show that environmentally relevant concentrations of ibuprofen (IBU), aluminum (Al), and their mixture promote a series of developmental defects, teratogenic effects, and oxidative disruption on D. rerio embryos, and the interaction of both substances altered the response. In conclusion, morphological and biochemical tests are suitable tools for assessing the health risk of aquatic wildlife by exposure to individual and mixed pollutants in freshwater bodies.
几项研究强调了布洛芬和铝在世界范围内水生环境中的普遍存在，并证明了它们单独对水生物种具有诱导胚胎毒性和致畸缺陷的潜力。尽管评估这些污染物混合物引起的发育变化的研究很少；而且，由于环境污染以具有不同化学性质和毒性机制的有毒物质混合物的形式存在，这些有毒物质能够产生相互作用；本研究的目的是评估布洛芬（IBU）和铝（Al）单独形式和混合物对斑马鱼胚胎引起的发育缺陷、致畸变化和氧化应激。卵母细胞暴露于环境相关浓度的 IBU（0.1-20μg L-1）和 Al（0.01-8mg L-1）和一种二元混合物中。LC50 和 EC50 用于计算致畸指数（TI）。IBU 的 LC50、EC50 和 TI 分别为 8.06μg L-1、2.85μg L-1 和 2.82。相比之下，Al 的 LC50 为 5.0mg L-1，EC50 为 3.58mg L-1，TI 为 1.39。单独化合物观察到的主要变化是孵化改变、头部畸形、骨骼畸形、色素减退、心包水肿和心率受损。混合物也表现出明显的胚胎发育延迟。此外，72 和 96 hpf 时细胞氧化和抗氧化防御的氧化应激生物标志物显著增加。结果表明，环境相关浓度的布洛芬（IBU）、铝（Al）及其混合物对 D. rerio 胚胎的一系列发育缺陷、致畸作用和氧化破坏，并改变了两种物质的相互作用。总之，形态学和生化测试是评估淡水生物体内单独和混合污染物暴露对水生野生动物健康风险的合适工具。
