Arfianti Tri, Costello Mark John
Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
School of Environment, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
PeerJ. 2021 Aug 30;9:e12054. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12054. eCollection 2021.
Amphipod crustaceans are an essential component of tropical marine biodiversity. However, their distribution and biogeography have not been analysed in one of the world's largest tropical countries nested in the Coral Triangle, Indonesia. We collected and identified amphipod crustaceans from eight sites in Indonesian waters and combined the results with data from 32 additional sites in the literature. We analysed the geographic distribution of 147 benthic amphipod crustaceans using cluster analysis and the 'Bioregions Infomaps' neural network method of biogeographic discrimination. We found five groups of benthic amphipod crustaceans which show relationships with sampling methods, depth, and substrata. Neural network biogeographic analysis indicated there was only one biogeographic region that matched with the global amphipod regions and marine biogeographic realms defined for all marine taxa. There was no support for Wallaces or other lines being marine biogeographic boundaries in the region. Species richness was lower than expected considering the region is within the Coral Triangle. We hypothesise that this low richness might be due to the intense fish predation which may have limited amphipod diversification. The results indicated that habitat rather than biogeography determines amphipod distribution in Indonesia. Therefore, future research needs to sample more habitats, and consider habitat in conservation planning.
端足类甲壳动物是热带海洋生物多样性的重要组成部分。然而，在位于珊瑚三角区的世界最大热带国家之一印度尼西亚，尚未对其分布和生物地理学进行分析。我们从印度尼西亚海域的8个地点收集并鉴定了端足类甲壳动物，并将结果与文献中另外32个地点的数据相结合。我们使用聚类分析和生物地理判别“生物区域信息地图”神经网络方法分析了147种底栖端足类甲壳动物的地理分布。我们发现了五组底栖端足类甲壳动物，它们与采样方法、深度和基质存在关联。神经网络生物地理分析表明，只有一个生物地理区域与为所有海洋类群定义的全球端足类区域和海洋生物地理区域相匹配。该地区不存在支持华莱士线或其他线作为海洋生物地理边界的证据。考虑到该地区位于珊瑚三角区内，物种丰富度低于预期。我们推测，这种低丰富度可能是由于强烈的鱼类捕食限制了端足类的多样化。结果表明，在印度尼西亚决定端足类分布的是栖息地而非生物地理学。因此，未来的研究需要对更多栖息地进行采样，并在保护规划中考虑栖息地因素。
