Klein Laura L, Svoboda Harlan T
Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Bio Protoc. 2017 May 5;7(9):e2269. doi: 10.21769/BioProtoc.2269.
Leaf morphometrics are used frequently by several disciplines, including taxonomists, systematists, developmental biologists, morphologists, agronomists, and plant breeders to name just a few. Leaf shape is highly variable and can be used for identifying species or genotypes, developmental patterning within and among individuals, assessing plant health, and measuring environmental impacts on plant phenotype. Traditional leaf morphometrics requires hand tools and access to specimens, but modern efforts to digitize botanical collections make digital morphometrics a readily accessible and scientifically rigorous option. Here we provide detailed instructions for performing some of the most informative digital geometric morphometric analyses available: generalized Procrustes analysis, elliptical Fourier analysis, and shape features. This comprehensive procedure for leaf shape analysis is comprised of six main sections: A) scanning of material, B) acquiring landmarks, C) analysis of landmark data, D) isolating leaf outlines, E) analysis of leaf outlines, and F) shape features. This protocol provides a detailed reference for applying landmark and outline analysis to leaf shape as well as describing leaf shape features, thus empowering researchers to perform high throughput phenotyping for diverse applications.
叶形态测量学被多个学科频繁使用，包括分类学家、系统学家、发育生物学家、形态学家、农学家和植物育种家等等。叶形具有高度变异性，可用于识别物种或基因型、个体内部和个体之间的发育模式、评估植物健康状况以及衡量环境对植物表型的影响。传统的叶形态测量学需要手工工具并能获取标本，但现代将植物标本数字化的努力使数字形态测量学成为一种易于获取且科学严谨的选择。在这里，我们提供了执行一些最具信息性的数字几何形态测量分析的详细说明：广义普罗克汝斯分析、椭圆傅里叶分析和形状特征分析。这个用于叶形分析的综合程序由六个主要部分组成：A）材料扫描，B）获取地标点，C）地标点数据分析，D）分离叶轮廓，E）叶轮廓分析，以及F）形状特征分析。该方案为将地标点和轮廓分析应用于叶形以及描述叶形特征提供了详细参考，从而使研究人员能够针对各种应用进行高通量表型分析。
